A.R. Rabiei; A. Nezami; M. Goldani; M. Khajeh-Hosseini; M. Nassiri Mahallati
Abstract
Harvesting of medicinal plants from their natural habitats, put them in danger, hence their domestication is needed. In this context, knowledge of the properties of these plants, including the cardinal germination temperatures are necessary. In order to determine the cardinal temperatures and the effect ...
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Harvesting of medicinal plants from their natural habitats, put them in danger, hence their domestication is needed. In this context, knowledge of the properties of these plants, including the cardinal germination temperatures are necessary. In order to determine the cardinal temperatures and the effect of temperature on the percentage and rate of germination in Plantago major ecotypes (Birjand, Ghaen, Torbathydarieh, Mashhad, Kalat and Bojnord) an experiment was conducted based on factorial in a completely randomized design with 9 temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C) and four replications in Crop Physiology Laboratory, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2013. To determine the cardinal temperatures Intersected-Lines Model and Five-Parameters Beta Model were used. Results showed that maximum germination percentage was obtained at 30 °C while maximum germination speed achieved at 35 °C in Bojnourd and Birjand ecotypes, respectively. The highest germination percentage was observed in Birjand ecotype at the temperature range of 20 to 35 °C. Based on models fitted depending on the ecotype, cardinal temperatures (minimum, optimum and maximum) germination were determined (6.3 to 9.8, 1.8 to 5°C) ,(31.1 to 35.9, 28.6 to 35.2°C) and (43.3 to 45.1, 45 to 45.6 °C) of Intersected-lines and Five-Parameters Beta Model, respectively. Diversity in cardinal temperature of plantago major ecotypes could be due to different environmental conditions where they were evolved and adapted
Elham Harati; Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi; Fatemeh Nakhaei; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Seed germination is the first and most sensitive developmental stage in the plant life cycle and the key process in seedling emergence. On the other hand, one of the major barriers to optimum use of medicinal plants outside the natural habitat is limited level of seed germination and seed dormancy. Hence ...
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Seed germination is the first and most sensitive developmental stage in the plant life cycle and the key process in seedling emergence. On the other hand, one of the major barriers to optimum use of medicinal plants outside the natural habitat is limited level of seed germination and seed dormancy. Hence in order to find the best priming and temperature treatment to dormancy breaking and seed germination of medicinal plant seed Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with four replications and two factors was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch in 2017. The first factor of priming type is 11 levels included in potassium nitrate 2% treatment at two times of 24 and 48 hours, gibberellic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg/ l) at two times of 24 and 48 hours, and stratification (7, 14 and 21 days). The second factor was temperature at three levels (15, 20 and 25 °c). The results showed that highest germination rate and percent germination were related to stratification at 7 and 21 days at 25 °c and maximum seedling length, plumule length, radicle length, radicle/plumule length ratio, wet weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, percent germination, germination rate, longitudinal index seed vigor, weight index seed vigor related to 21 days wet temperature and 15°c. Therefore, 21 days stratification and temperatures of 15 and 25 °c were the best priming and temperature treatments to dormancy breaking and seed germination of medicinal plant seed Pulicaria gnaphalodes.
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 61-72
Abstract
The assessment of medicinal plants tolerance is very important for cultivation of them in saline areas. Salicylic acid is a growth regulator which its role was investigated in plants tolerance to environmental stresses such as salinity.In order to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid on early seed ...
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The assessment of medicinal plants tolerance is very important for cultivation of them in saline areas. Salicylic acid is a growth regulator which its role was investigated in plants tolerance to environmental stresses such as salinity.In order to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid on early seed germination andseedling growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under salt stress, an experimentwas conducted in a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. The experimental treatments were including different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM) and salinity (0, 50 and 100 mM). The seeds of black cumin which were primed with different concentrations of salicylic acid for 24 hour, for germination test under salt stress, they transferred into sterile petri dishes which contain 10 ml NaCl. Results revealed a significant reduction in germination percentage and rate, seedling dry weight, seed vigor index, radicle length, radicle fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight with increasing salinity stress. Pretreatment with salicylic acid caused an increase of plant tolerance to salinity stress. The application of salicylic acid greatly caused the increment of germination percentage and rateand enhanced fresh and dry weight of black cumin under salt stress. It seems that higher concentrations of salicylic acid (0.5 up to 1 mM) caused an increase of all mentioned traits under normal and stress conditions.
M. Jamali; Y. Sadeh; R. Tavakkol Afshari; A. Asadi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 63-74
Abstract
In order to investigate and determine the best laboratory test for predicting seedling emergence of canola (Brassica napus L.) in field conditions, two experiments were conducted using three canola cultivars (RG003, Sarigol and Zarfam). In the first experiment, different laboratory tests including standard ...
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In order to investigate and determine the best laboratory test for predicting seedling emergence of canola (Brassica napus L.) in field conditions, two experiments were conducted using three canola cultivars (RG003, Sarigol and Zarfam). In the first experiment, different laboratory tests including standard germination (SG), germination rate (GR), seedling dry weight (SDW), seedling length (SL), accelerated aging (AA) and electrical conductivity (EC) were conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. In the second experiment a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in field conditions. The results indicated that there was not any significant differences between cultivars in terms of SG and GR. Similarly, there was not significant differences between cultivars in terms of SDW, SL and EC after AA for 24 hours at 41 °C. But, GR, EC, SL and SG after AA for 24 and 48 hours at 41 °C showed significant differences among the cultivars. Generally, the results of this study indicated that EC, SG and AA for 24 and 48 at 41 °C can well predict the percentage of canola seedling emergence in field conditions. Therefore, these tests can be suggested for prediction of canola seedling emergence
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 65-72
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different packages on oil rapeseed varieties produced in Qom province. The studied cultivars were RGS, Talaieh and Okapi and packaging cover types were three andndash;layer paper bag ,4-layer paper bag , propylene bag,propylene+paper and flaxen bag ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different packages on oil rapeseed varieties produced in Qom province. The studied cultivars were RGS, Talaieh and Okapi and packaging cover types were three andndash;layer paper bag ,4-layer paper bag , propylene bag,propylene+paper and flaxen bag which was studied using factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design in 3 replications. The seed containing bags were stored in the ware house of agricultural and natural resources center of Qom province for 1 year and standard sampling of each treatment and replication was done at the end of the storage period then seeds germination was tested. Also electrical conductivity test ,average time for germination cold test and accelerated aging test have been conducted for estimating seed vigor. The results showed no significant difference between cultivars and cultivars reaction to the exerted treatments was the same, but seeds storage in the various bags had a significant effect on seed vigor as seeds in four layer and three layer paper bags had the most vigor and seeds in propylene bags and paper propylene bag had the least vigour.Also the results showed that various seed storing covers have significant effect on the average time of seeds germination ,electrical conductivity and vigor after cold test and accelerated aging test and in all cases three and four layer paper bags showed the best resulting. However propylene and paper propylene bags had more deteriorating effect on seed quality. Since in the warehouse the temperature had increased up to 45anddeg;c and air relative humidity up to 85% in some months of the year, and with considering that high temperature may accelerate the incidence of some hydraulic reactions and either seed deterioration, so the temperature has more effect on propylene and propylene paper bags.
E. Shakeri; Y. Emam; M. Jahani Doghozloo; S.A. Tabatabaei
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 65-75
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination indices of sorghum, this experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Cereal laboratory of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in ...
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To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination indices of sorghum, this experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Cereal laboratory of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2015. Treatments included salinity levels (Control (0.5), 3.5, 6.5, 9.5 and 12.5 dS.m-1) and 48 sorghum lines and cultivars.Analysis of variance showed that the effect of salinity was significant on all measured traits at 1% level. In this experiment, increased salinity caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, germination rate, seedling dry weight and vigor index. The highest germination percentage (86%) as well as seedling length (386.2 mm), and vigor index (332.33) was found in KDFGS19 line. Ghalami Herat cultivar had the highest germination rate (12.6/day). Orthogonal comparison for two groups of genotypes indicated that there were significant differences between cultivars and lines for all measured traits (except for seedling dry weight). Lines had higher germination percentage and germination rate compared to cultivars, however, for seedling length and vigor index, cultivars had higher levels than lines. Lines had higher germination percentage and germination rate compared to cultivars, however, for seedling length and vigor index, cultivars had higher level than lines.
S. Haghanifar; A. Hamidi; M.N. Ilikaee
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treatment by Carboxin Thiram fungicide and Imidacoloropride pesticide on storability and some indicators of seed germination and vigor of maize single cross hybrid 704 in laboratory of department of agriculture at Islamic Azad University in Karaj. Seeds ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treatment by Carboxin Thiram fungicide and Imidacoloropride pesticide on storability and some indicators of seed germination and vigor of maize single cross hybrid 704 in laboratory of department of agriculture at Islamic Azad University in Karaj. Seeds were prepared from Kermanshah Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre. Seeds were treated by pesticide, imidacloprid in two rates, 3 and 6 g per kg of seed, fungicide Carboxin Thiram in the 2 and 2.5 per thousand, and combined 3 g Gaucho + 2 per thousand Carboxin Thiraman and non- seed treatment were as a control. Treated seed and control seed stored at room temperature (25°c) 3 months. Then standard germination test was conducted and final germination percentage (FGP) was evaluated, normal seedling percentage and some related traits of seed vigor including seedling length, primary root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, seedling dry weight, seedling length and weight vigor indices were measured and the experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with 4 replications. The results showed that highest percentage of seed germination was related to treatments of imidacloprid 6 g and the lowest percentage of seed germination was related to control (non- seed treatment), the highest and lowest meantime of germination and control respectively Carboxin Thiram was 2 per thousand. The highest, the lowest weight and seedling vigor index of 2 per thousand treated by imidacloprid 6 grams and Carboxin Thiram. Therefore it can be concluded that seed sterilization as a method to prevent accelerated aging, is disinfectant to maintain and improve seed quality.
Bita Oskouei; Abbas Dehshiri; Hadis Afshar; Elahe Gheysari; Ali Shayanfar
Abstract
An experiment was implemented based on completely randomized design with four replications to determine standard Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) germination test condition. Flixweed seeds were placed in germinator for 14 days under 6 temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25, 20-30, 35ºC exposed to three treatments ...
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An experiment was implemented based on completely randomized design with four replications to determine standard Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) germination test condition. Flixweed seeds were placed in germinator for 14 days under 6 temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25, 20-30, 35ºC exposed to three treatments of potassium nitrate (2 grams per 1000 ml of distilled water), pre-chilling (7-10ºC for 7 days), pre-soaking (24h in distilled water), two cellulose substrates of top paper and between paper, and sands. Then, germination indexes were assessed. After comparison of three mentioned treatments (potassium nitrate, pre-chilling, and pre-soaking) with control it was demonstrated that the highest germination rate belonged to pre-chilling in 15ºC.The lowest amount of germination indices and the highest percentage of dead seeds were found in 25 and 35ºC. The best treatment to improve germination and seedling vigor was applying of potassium nitrate and optimal temperatures to reach maximum of germination was 10 and 15ºC. Higher germination was achieved when top and between paper substrate were used than sand. In total, it was suggested that it would be better for potassium nitrate to be under 10 and 15ºC when top and between paper and sand were applied, respectively to optimal condition for standard germination determination was achieved, because the highest percentage of final germination, normal seedlings, and seedling weight vigor, and also the lowest percentage of dead seeds were observed.
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 67-83
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium foliar application on seed yield and seed germination characteristics of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 at two locates, 1. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium foliar application on seed yield and seed germination characteristics of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 at two locates, 1. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI), Karaj- Iran 2. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd-Iran. The experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The water treatments included three irrigation regimes; normal, mild stress (warer withhold at the grain filling phase) and severe stress (water withhold at the ear emergence phase); potassium foliar treatments included, 0, 1.5% and 3.0% K2O applications and three wheat cultivars (Marvdasht, Pishtaz and WS-82-9). Result showed that reaction of cultivars at two locates for seed yield was different under drought stress conditions. High and lowseed yield were producedwith WS-82-9 at Karaj under normal water use (9310 kg ha-1)and with Marvdasht cultivar at Yazd under sever drought stress (2220 kg ha-1), respectively. Seed weight and seed yieldshowed significantdecreases by increasing drought stress. The mentioned traits showed significantincreases by spraying of K2O and it was more at Yazd area under severe drought stress, because of more unfavorable condition. Spraying wheat plants with 3.0%K2O produced the highest value of seed yield (7321.9 kg ha-1); while control treatment (without potassium foliar application) at Yazd gave the lowest value of this character. Significant interaction of location× drought stress× cultivar on seed wastes showed that reaction of cultivars at two places was different under drought stress conditions, so that minimum and maximum seed wastes were observedin WS-82-9 at Karaj under normal irrigation (%2.26)and in Marvdasht cultivar at Yazd under severe drought stress (%54.76), respectively.Results revealed that high and lowseed wastes were observedunder no application of potassium (22.14%)and withspraying 3.0 % K2O (13.99%), respectively. Seed germination percentage before and after seed cleaning showed that seed cleaning had important role on improvement of seed quality, in a way that drought stress had significant influence on seed germination percentage before seed cleaning, but drought stress had no significant influence on seed germination percentage and mean germination time after seed cleaning.
S. Mojarab; M. Moghadam; E. Saeedi Pooya; R. Narimani
Abstract
With attention to the native landscape design value and the using of grasses which play a crucial role in the urban landscape, we carried out two experiments in germinator condition. This investigation was conducted to explore effects of hydro and osmopriming on germination and seedling growth of Lolium ...
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With attention to the native landscape design value and the using of grasses which play a crucial role in the urban landscape, we carried out two experiments in germinator condition. This investigation was conducted to explore effects of hydro and osmopriming on germination and seedling growth of Lolium rigidum. The first experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with 4 treatments and replications. The treatments include: dry seed (control) and seed soaking in distilled water in three times 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The second factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with four replications. First factors included three levels of priming (seeds treated with distilled water, seeds treated with KNo3 0.2% and NaCl 45 dS/m), the second factor included three levels of time (12, 24 and 48 hours). In this research some seed germination indices such as germination percentage, germination speed, length of root and shoot, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, mean germination time and vigor index were measured. The results of the first experiment showed that the effect of seed priming with distilled water was significant (P<0.01) than control at all times on most traits. The results of the second experiment showed that osmopriming especially KNo3 for 12 hours improved the rate and percentage of germination and growth of the seedling. Totally, osmopriming had more significant effect than control and hydropriming.
Hossein Reza Rouhi; َAli Moradi; Maryam Saman; Yasin Mohammadi; Alireza Shahbodaghlo
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) on improvement of aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with three replications in Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Seed priming with different concentrations ...
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In order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) on improvement of aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with three replications in Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Seed priming with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside including 0 (hydropriming), 25, 50 and 75 µM in drought stress levels (0, -0.2, -0.46 and -0.6 MPa) was performed. Germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor, seedling length, soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, memberane electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. The results showed that seed priming with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside mitigated significant decrease of germination parameters of aged seeds under drought stress. At -0.6 MPa, seed priming with 75 µM of sodium nitroprusside increased germination rate, vigor index , soluble carbohydrates and proteins 25, 214.1, 90.8, 117.1%, as well as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased by 34, 14.5, 41.4% in comparison to control, respectively. Therefore, seed priming with sodium nitroprusside specialy with 75 µM is suggested for aged pumpkin seeds by decreasing oxidative stress due to drought stress.
Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
Abstract
Application of fungicides and insecticides in seed coating technology to control pathogen and pest early in the growing season to reduce damage to seedling emergence and plant establishment is essential. In this study, carboxyl tyram, lamardor, and maxim XL 035 fungicides and Cruiser FS 350, Cruiser ...
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Application of fungicides and insecticides in seed coating technology to control pathogen and pest early in the growing season to reduce damage to seedling emergence and plant establishment is essential. In this study, carboxyl tyram, lamardor, and maxim XL 035 fungicides and Cruiser FS 350, Cruiser FS 600 and Gaucho insecticides were used for coating the seed of two maize cultivars. The results showed that the coating maize seed with different fungicides and insecticides has significant effect on germination traits of the seeds. Germination rate, seedling emergence rate and seedling growth and finally dry weight were affected by the interaction of fungicide and insecticide in maize seed coating. In general, fungicidal and insecticidal formulations that have an increasing effect on seedling emergence rate and decrease average seedling emergence time, increased vegetative growth and eventually seedling weight. Maize seeds coating with Maxim XL + Cruiser 600, increased the dry weight of seedlings by 49.7% compared with uncoated seed under laboratory condition. Finally, based on germination traits in laboratory and greenhouse, Maxim XL 035 FS fungicide with Cruiser FS 600 or 350 insecticids, and Vitavax fungicide with Cruiser FS 600 insecticid, as the best combination of fungicide and insecticide are recommended for maize seed coating.
Ali najm; Mehdi Aran; Abdolrahman Rahimian Boogar Rahimian Boogar
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the germination and seedling growth of two papaya (Carica papaya L.) varieties in response to the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi and culture substrates in a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design. The experiment factors include varieties ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the germination and seedling growth of two papaya (Carica papaya L.) varieties in response to the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi and culture substrates in a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design. The experiment factors include varieties at 2 levels (Red Lady (V1) and Bangladeshi (V2)), culture substrate at 5 levels (compost + perlite + vermicompost (1:1:1) (S1), compost + perlite + cocopeat (1:1:1) (S2), compost + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1) (S3), perlite + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1) (S4) and compost + perlite + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1:1) (S5)), and mycorrhizal at 2 levels (no inoculation as control (M0) and inoculation (M1)). The results indicated a significant effect of culture substrate and mycorrhizal on germination and growth characteristics of papaya varieties. In the mycorrhizal inoculation treatment, the highest germination percentage (77.33%) and germination speed index (0.63) were observed in the Bangladeshi variety and the lowest average germination time for both varieties . The highest seedling height and root length were recorded for V1S4M1 and V2S5M1 treatments, and the highest shoot dry weight (0.276 g) was recorded for V2S5M1 treatment. According to the obtained results, inoculation of seeds in both Red Lady and Bangladeshi papaya varieties with mycorrhizal fungi and substrates containing organic matter, especially vermicompost, improved the germination and growth characteristics of the seedlings. Therefore, according to the advantages and compatibility of mycorrhizal fungi, it can be used as a suitable treatment to improve the germination and growth of papaya seedlings.
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 71-80
Abstract
In order to study effects of seed priming and foliar application of nano particle and zinc sulfate on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was carried out based on RCBD with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, in during 2013. Treatments composed ...
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In order to study effects of seed priming and foliar application of nano particle and zinc sulfate on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was carried out based on RCBD with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, in during 2013. Treatments composed of without priming (control) and eleven treatment compound as seed priming, foliar application, seed priming along with foliar application of zinc sulfate and nano particle of zinc and seed priming with distillate water . The results showed that seed priming with distillate water and different sources of zinc increased the number of capitulum per plant as compared to control. Seed priming with distillate water and different methods of zinc sulfate application could be increased the 100 seed weight compared to nano particle of zinc. The maximum of number of grain per plant was obtained from seed priming with zinc sulfate treatments alone or along with foliar application and seed priming with 300 mg.L-1 nano particle of zinc. Seed priming with nano particle and zinc sulfate alone or along with foliar application increased grain yield compared with control. The maximum of grain yield equal to 2853.3 kg.ha-1 was observed from seed priming with 600 mg.L-1 along with 2 g.L-1 zinc sulphate.In general, the results showed thatseed priming with 300 mg.L-1 nano particle or seed priming with 600 mg.L-1 along with 2 g.L-1 zinc sulphate can obtain acceptable product
Bahareh Nikpey; HOSSIN SADEGHI; Hamid madani
Abstract
In order to evaluation of value for cultivation and use of seven new spring rapeseed cultivars (Foruzan, Mahtab, Zaman, Moj, Dalgan, Z10B, SAN14) and seven commercial cultivars of Rapeseed (Sari Gol, RGS003, Hayola 420, Hayola 308, Hayola 401, Hayola 50, and Zafar) as a Reference collection were carried ...
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In order to evaluation of value for cultivation and use of seven new spring rapeseed cultivars (Foruzan, Mahtab, Zaman, Moj, Dalgan, Z10B, SAN14) and seven commercial cultivars of Rapeseed (Sari Gol, RGS003, Hayola 420, Hayola 308, Hayola 401, Hayola 50, and Zafar) as a Reference collection were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute-Karaj in 2015-2016. The measured agronomic traits were including, 1000-seed weight, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, oil percent, Maturity date and grain yield were determined according to the UPOV instruction. The results show that, hybrid cultivars such as Hyola 50 and Hyola 401 have the highest yield. Considering the superiority of Mahtab, Zaman and Dalgan cultivars in terms of yield and having crop value compared to other cultivars, these varieties can be introduced as new cultivars for registration and commercialization. Keywords: Rapeseed, Reference collection, Spring varieties
Bita Oskouei; Aidin Hamidi; Saman Sheidaei; maryam divsalar; hossein sadeghi
Abstract
This experiment was done in seed and plant certification and registration institute laboratory in 2015. The treatments were corn seed produced in Karaj and Moghan , seed storing condition in two controlled and Free weather conditions stores also Disinfection and non- Disinfection. The experiment was ...
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This experiment was done in seed and plant certification and registration institute laboratory in 2015. The treatments were corn seed produced in Karaj and Moghan , seed storing condition in two controlled and Free weather conditions stores also Disinfection and non- Disinfection. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in three replications. Germination percent of Karaj seeds before accelerated aging test was 92 percent and after 144 hours aging, it reduced 3 percent in controlled storage and it dropped 6 percent in Moghan conditions storage. While similar condition led to a decrease of 18 and 28 percent in Moghan seeds produced. When seeds were stored in controlled storage, indicated 17 percent higher protein content compared to storage in Moghan conditions. Catalase activity of Karaj seeds was higher than Moghan seeds (14%). Seed treatment had significant effect on peroxidase and MDA content, as peroxidase activity in treated seeds was 11 percent higher and MDA content was 8 percent lower than untreated seeds. Karaj seeds in controlled storage had the highest peroxidase activity and the lowest MDA content. So production seed conditions in Moghan was more critical in terms of temperature and humidity than Karaj so the biochemical properties of seeds have been affected. So that Moghan seeds had less storability after storing. On the other hand, seeds in Moghan store subjected to more critical temperature and humidity than controlled condition so more deteriorated.
Arash Mohammadzadeh; Naser Majnon hoseini; Sadegh Asadi; Hossein Moghadam; mohsen jamali
Abstract
To study the effects of artificial seed ageing on germination indices in the laboratory condition and seedling establishment and yield of two red kidney bean genotypes in the field condition, an experiment was carried out at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran ...
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To study the effects of artificial seed ageing on germination indices in the laboratory condition and seedling establishment and yield of two red kidney bean genotypes in the field condition, an experiment was carried out at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in 2011. The two experiment design, were as factorial with four replications arranged in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) and complete randomized design (CRD) for field and laboratory condition, respectively. The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of seed ageing – 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 days seed ageing – and two red bean genotypes (Akhtar and Sayyad). Results showed that germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling and seedling vigor index significantly decreased by seed ageing treatment in standard germination test. Also, seed ageing significantly decreased germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length and dry weight, normal seedling and seedling vigor index in accelerated ageing test. Studied genotypes was different in terms of germination percentage, germination rate, normal seedling, seedling length, seedling vigor index and electrical conductivity test. In the electrical conductivity test, seed leakage increased by increment of seed ageing level and is sever in Akhtar compared to Sayyad. In the field condition, seedling emergence and grain yield significantly affected by genotype and seed ageing. Seedling emergence index, seedling establishment percentage and grain yield decreased by seed ageing treatment that was severe in Akhtar than that of Sayyad genotype.
Ali Jalilian; Samira Asgari; Saeid Jalali Honarmand; Mahmoud Khoramivafa; Aziz Moradi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted at Mehrgan Agricultural Research Station, Kermansha, Iran, in 2012. The maize parents of hybrid 704 cultivar was cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments includes: 1-ammonium nitrate (1/3 before planting and 2/3 after planting) ...
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This experiment was conducted at Mehrgan Agricultural Research Station, Kermansha, Iran, in 2012. The maize parents of hybrid 704 cultivar was cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments includes: 1-ammonium nitrate (1/3 before planting and 2/3 after planting) 2-solupotas 3-iron chelate, 4-zinc sulfate, 5-manganes sulfate 6- boric acid, 7- Combine treatments 1 to 6 with each other. 8- Combine treatments 1 and 2 with each other. 9- Combine treatments 3 to 6 with each other. 10- Control (without spraying). The applied treatments were sprayed in three stages: 1- growth stage from 6 to 8 leaves 2- maximum leaf area index 3- after pollination. The length of plots was 7 meters and width was 4.5 meters (including 4 mother line and 2 father line) with spacing rows of 75 cm and plant spacing on the 18 cm row. The cultivation was carried out on May 1 and irrigation system was sprinkler. The treats measured was include macro and micro elements in seed, germination percentage, seedling vigor index (SVI), germination rate and Seedling growth rate (SGR) for each treatment. The results showed that foliar application did not significantly differ in the amount of nutrients in corn seed. Despite the lack of significant difference in the amount of nutrients in the seed, seedling growth and germination rate were superior in some treatments, so that the highest seedling growth was observed in potassium spraying treatment. The highest rate of germination was also due to spraying with high consumption elements.
Masoumeh Asadi Aghbolaghi; Farzaneh Razavi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed’s pre-treatment by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on different aspects of seed germination and biochemical features. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. ...
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This study was performed to investigate the effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed’s pre-treatment by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on different aspects of seed germination and biochemical features. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments included two levels of seed maturity (normal seeds and aged seeds) and five levels of priming (control, ascorbic acid 50 and 100 mg/l, and salicylic acid 50 and 100 mg/l). The seed traits were finally measured included the germination percentage, first and second seed vigor index, seedling dry weight, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, electrolyte leakage, soluble protein, and soluble carbohydrate. Based on the results, the seed pre-treatment with 100 mg/l ascorbic acid and salicylic acid could perform the highest germination indices. Moreover, the germination percentage (74%) was improved in aged seeds pre-treated by ascorbic acid and salicylic acid (especially at a concentration of 100 mg/l). Also, the antioxidant enzyme activity was increased while the cell electrolyte leakage was significantly decreased. In total, results indicate, the pre-treatment with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid, not only improved the germination quantity and vigor but also improved the germination quality mainly by the development of carbohydrate and protein content in pumpkin seeds.
Hassan Nasiri Avanaki; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Mahmoud Bagheri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of planting date on germination characteristics and biochemical activity of seed in different quinoa genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the Research Laboratory of Seed Physiology and Biotechnology of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at University of Guilan ...
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In order to investigate the effect of planting date on germination characteristics and biochemical activity of seed in different quinoa genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the Research Laboratory of Seed Physiology and Biotechnology of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at University of Guilan in 2019. The experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The seeds of three genotypes T, R and Q29 were planted on six planting dates: 15 January, 15 February, 15 March, 15 February, 15 May and 15 June in the research farm of Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute. The harvested seeds from the treatments available in the field were transferred to the laboratory in order to investigate seed germination characteristics and vigour, and were measured germination percentage and rate, length and weight of the seedling, length and weight index of the seed vigour, electrical conductivity of the seed solution, and biochemical characteristics of soluble protein content, malondialdehyde content, alpha amylase, catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity. The interaction of two factors was significant on germination percentage, germination rate, number of abnormal seedlings, activity of alpha-amylase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde content and electrical conductivity of seed solution. The three planting dates of 15 January, 15 February, 15 March in Q29 genotype showed the highest percentage, germination rate, alpha-amylase enzyme activity and the highest number of abnormal seedlings.
Saeed Sadeghzadeh Hemayati; Reza Shariari; Ali Saremirad
Abstract
Suitable germination and crops establishment are one of the most significant and fundamental issues that overshadow the economic performance of the product. Improving the quality of seeds by relying on their pre-treatment is one of the issues that can be considered. Accordingly, the present study was ...
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Suitable germination and crops establishment are one of the most significant and fundamental issues that overshadow the economic performance of the product. Improving the quality of seeds by relying on their pre-treatment is one of the issues that can be considered. Accordingly, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment of sugar beet seeds using humic in factorial experiment in 2017. The first factor was humic acid including four levels of zero, 8.33, 12.50, and 25.00 mg per 100 g of seed, and the second factor, cultivar included two levels of Ekbatan and Paya. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the main effects of humic acid and cultivar had a significant effect on all evaluated characteristics except root dry weight at one and five percent probability levels. Humic acid-cultivar interaction was significant only for the three characteristics of mean germination time, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Based on the mean comparison results, the seed vigor (87.87%), germination rate (6.27 bud/day), seedling vigor length index (3.52) and seedling vigor weight index (1269.96) were assigned to seed pretreatment using 12.50 mg of humic acid per 100 grams of seeds. Seed pretreatment without significant difference in the amount of coating material increased the uniformity of seed germination. Among the two studied cultivars, the Ekbatan cultivar was superior to the Paya cultivar in terms of all studied characteristics. In general, the use of humic acid improved the germination characteristics and early growth of seedlings.
Sakineh Esfandiari; Alireza Dadkhah; Reza Rezvani
Abstract
This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of different organs of Zygophyllum eurypterum on the growth and germination indices of Triticum aestivum and Acroptilon repens. The test treatments included aqueous extracts of Zygophyllum in concentrations of 5,10 and ...
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This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of different organs of Zygophyllum eurypterum on the growth and germination indices of Triticum aestivum and Acroptilon repens. The test treatments included aqueous extracts of Zygophyllum in concentrations of 5,10 and 15% of roots, aerial organs and control. The results showed that with increasing extract concentration, the growth traits and total chlorophyll of both investigated plants significantly decreased. In such a way that the highest and lowest inhibition rates were associated with 15%aerial organs extract and 5%root extract, respectively, but the antioxidant activity of Wheat and Acroptilon increased with increasing levels of root and stem extract of Zygophyllum. The highest level of aerial organs Zygophyllum in Wheat reduced the germination rate by 77.12% compared to the control. However, the germination of Acroptilon seeds completely stopped at the levels of 10 and 15% of aerial organs. By increasing the aerial organs extract concentration to 15%; root length decreased by 49.2% and 52.9% in Acroptilon and in Wheat respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant activity was observed at the level of 15% of aerial organs in both plants, and among this, Acroptilon had more antioxidant activity with 70.32%. Most of the traits including germination percentage, root length and stem length,in Acroptilon weed, were more sensitive to the allelopathic effects of Zygophyllum extract compared to Wheat Based on the results the aerial organs extract of Zygophyllum were more capable to dealing with germination and seedling growth than the root extract.
Abu-Alfazl Khodadadi; Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
Abstract
Gundelia tournefortii L. seeds owing to the strongly lignified disseminule from secondary capitulum, cannot germinate easily. In current study, three individual experiments were done to investigate the impact of chemical scarification (treatment with water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, ...
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Gundelia tournefortii L. seeds owing to the strongly lignified disseminule from secondary capitulum, cannot germinate easily. In current study, three individual experiments were done to investigate the impact of chemical scarification (treatment with water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide in durations of 20, 40, 60 min), physical scarification (control, scalpel, blade and 5, 10 min sand paper) and temperature shocks (individual or combined treatment with boiled water for 60 min and 1, 2, 3 days freezing on seed germination of chelgerd population. Results showed that in non-scarified seeds, germination was very low, but all mechanical scarification methods significantly increased seed germination. Among chemical scarification treatments, the highest seed germination obtained by 20 min soaking in hydrochloric acid but seedling growth was not favorable. The combined treatment of 60 min soaking in hot water and 3 days freezing, better than individual temperature shock increased germination indices, seedling length and vigor. In sum, results showed that the best method for physical dormancy breaking of kenger seeds was scarifying with scalpel that imparted the maximum germination percentage (58.46%), peak value (3.5), mean daily germination (3.2 days) and germination value (11.53).
Zohreh Molavi; Abbas Biabani; Ali Nakhzari Moghadam; ali rahemi-karizaki
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on germination parameters and heterotrophic growth of different wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 6 replications in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on germination parameters and heterotrophic growth of different wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 6 replications in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad-e- Kavous in 2016-2017 .The treatments were included wheat cultivars in 5 levels (Aftab, Qaboos, Kohdasht, Karim and Line 17) and drought stress in four levels (full irrigation as the control, slight water stress (25% water depletion of field capacity) , intensive water stress (50% water depletion of field capacity) and very intensive water stress (75% water depletion of field capacity). The results of this experiment showed that maternal drought stress was significant only on radicle dry weight, plumule dry weight and seed vigor. There was a significant positive correlation between plumule dry weight, plumule length and seed vigor. It can be said that drought stress can greatly affect the seed vigor of different wheat cultivars. So that seed vigor of different cultivars was different at each stress level. The effect of cultivar was significant on all traits except radicle dry weight. Therefore, germination and seedling growth were more affected by cultivars. Regarding the negligible effect of drought stress on most germination traits, it can be concluded that genetic than environment (maternal drought stress) had a more effective effect on germination and heterotrophic characteristics of seedlings of wheat seeds
mohsen sasani; Masoud Ahmadzadeh; M.R. Jahansuz; sorayya navid
Abstract
Root and crown rot of wheat is one of the most important diseases that caused by Fusarium species. The present study was conducted with the aim of seed Bioprime with bacteria to control fungal pathogens of root and crown rot and improving some growth indicators of wheat in laboratory and greenhouse conditions ...
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Root and crown rot of wheat is one of the most important diseases that caused by Fusarium species. The present study was conducted with the aim of seed Bioprime with bacteria to control fungal pathogens of root and crown rot and improving some growth indicators of wheat in laboratory and greenhouse conditions in 2019. The Effect of bacterial inhibition on fungal pathogen growth in vitro and in cross-culture test, metabolites and bacterial extracts were 60, 50 and 30 percent respectively. Bacterial isolates were able to produce biocontrol enzymes, metabolites and hormones of growth promoting such as auxin, siderophore, and ACC deaminase. In vitro, infection of wheat seeds before priming had a beneficial effect on increasing the efficiency of bioprime technique with bacteria, because in uninfected wheat seeds, bacteria did not play a role in reducing pathogenic fungi. Bioesmoprim, osmoprime and halloprime had the most impact in controlling the pathogenic fungus and improving the growth indices of wheat (germination percent, length and weight of root and stem) in greenhouse conditions, respectively. Although Talc powder and gum in germinated seeds reduced the fungal disease of root and crown rot, but seed germination percentage of wheat seeds were reduced, too. The combination of talc powder + xanthan gum with bacteria improved the mentioned traits.
