Bita Oskouei; Leila Sadeghi; Fatemeh Doorooshi
Abstract
In the national standard for canola seed production, wild mustard is considered an illegal weed. Although canola and wild mustard can be distinguished by the morphological traits, it is not possible to distinguish the seeds of two species, especially the coated seeds. The present study was conducted ...
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In the national standard for canola seed production, wild mustard is considered an illegal weed. Although canola and wild mustard can be distinguished by the morphological traits, it is not possible to distinguish the seeds of two species, especially the coated seeds. The present study was conducted to optimize the identification and detection of wild mustard seeds in rapeseed lots by morphological, chemical and molecular methods. The other seed count test was performed according to the rules of international seed test in rapeseed sampling. Chemical test design was performed under KOH treatment. The results of the chemical test were presented in five different status. Three specific markers of DA, DC and 5S rDNA were used, respectively. The Cruc marker is thought to be an internal control. Multiple polymerase chain reaction show amplification patterns of wild-mustard seed-specific markers with 5S rDNA amplified 190 bp that did not amplify in canola seeds. DA and DC markers in canola seeds amplified 239 and 625 bp, respectively, which did not amplify in wild mustard. According to molecular specific Profile and comparison with different status of rapeseed. Morphological limitation features and similarity of expression states of seed-related traits in wild mustard and rapeseed and factors such as seed coverage and chemical treatment restriction of wild mustard from rapeseed masses according International seed testing will not be possible, in which case DNA-based molecular tools will provide reliable results.
Farzaneh Razavi; Masume Asadi Aghbolaghi
Abstract
This study focused to optimize micropropagation in 11 different almond (Prunus dulcis)’s genotypes/cultivars. Main effort was to determine best explant and disinfection’s method in each genotype/cultivar. Almond’s cultivars, Mamaei (M), Shekoufeh (SH) and Fragnies (F) as well as bred ...
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This study focused to optimize micropropagation in 11 different almond (Prunus dulcis)’s genotypes/cultivars. Main effort was to determine best explant and disinfection’s method in each genotype/cultivar. Almond’s cultivars, Mamaei (M), Shekoufeh (SH) and Fragnies (F) as well as bred almond lines; A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8 and A9 were evaluated. The effect of explant; disinfection’s methods and genotype/cultivar were analyzed using factorial experiment on completely randomized design with 3 replications for each treatment. Results indicated 3 studied factors along with their interactions can greatly affect almond’s proliferation. The explant (woody/ herbaceous shoot) showed different effects on proliferation in different almond’s genotypes/cultivars. In genotype A1, herbaceous shoot showed not suitable proliferation (30.12) compared to woody one (40.20), while in genotype A7, herbaceous shoot resulted better (40.13) than woody shoot (36.20). Interestingly, in most studied genotypes/cultivars such as A1, A3, A8, A9, SH, M, and F, woody mature shoot exposed better proliferation. Likewise, sterilization’s method had different effects on proliferation in different genotypes/cultivars. For instance, sodium hypochlorite 25 % /15 (conc. (%)/min.) showed higher proliferation in A7, A8, A9 and F, whereas, in other genotypes/cultivars, using 50 %/10 (conc. (%)/min.) was superior. Results verified almond’s genotype/cultivar and its interaction with explant and disinfection’s method, can significantly affect on proliferation as a genetic related trait. Results indicated almomd’s genotype/cultivar, method of disinfection, type of explant (herbaceous or woody shoot) and their interaction can affect significantly on almond’s proliferation, growth’s performance and rate.
Mehdi Razmkhah; Ali Moradi; Hojatollah Latifmanesh; Hamidreza Balouchi
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a one-year oil plant, one of the most important problems of its cultivation is the interaction of seed germination and seed establishment with drought stress. Use of herbal treatments such as rye plant extract can speed up them, especially in drought-stress conditions. Therefore, ...
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Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a one-year oil plant, one of the most important problems of its cultivation is the interaction of seed germination and seed establishment with drought stress. Use of herbal treatments such as rye plant extract can speed up them, especially in drought-stress conditions. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of priming and priming time on germination and some biochemical traits of Camelina under drought stress in the Agriculture and Genetics Laboratory of Yasouj University from 2021 to 2022. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The first factor was priming with Danko variety of rye plant root extract at 3 levels (zero, 40 and 60%), The second factor was priming times at three levels (zero, 6 and 12 hours) and the third factor included drought stress at three levels (zero, -3 and -6 times). Based on the obtained results, it was observed that drought stress affected the biochemical indicators and germination of Camelina and pre-treatment with rye extract at a concentration of 60% along with prime in 12 hours with the improvement of some biochemical indicators and germination were able to increase the tolerance of Camelina seedlings under drought stress by affecting the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system of the plant. The results of the experiment show that using Danko variety of rye root extract with a concentration of 60% in 12 hours improves physical characteristics of the seed, helping germination in optimal and drought stress conditions.
fatemeh jamali; vahid Etemad
Abstract
Research on the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination and growth pattern among pasture grass populations is very important to determine the potential of suitable species for restoration and protection as well as fodder production. For this purpose, a research was carried out to evaluate ...
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Research on the effect of salinity and drought stress on germination and growth pattern among pasture grass populations is very important to determine the potential of suitable species for restoration and protection as well as fodder production. For this purpose, a research was carried out to evaluate the salinity and drought stress of the Pennisetum divisum plant in the germination and seedling growth stage of 2019 in the seed laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Tehran-Karaj University in the form of a completely randomized design and in 3 replications. The treatments of this experiment included 4 levels of salinity (100-150-200 and 300 mM sodium chloride), 4 levels of dryness (2-, 4-, 6- and 8-bar polyethylene glycol) and distilled water (control). The evaluated traits included germination percentage, germination speed, stem length and root length. The results showed that the germination percentage, germination speed, root length and shoot length increased with the increase of salinity stress up to 200 mM and then decreased so that practically no seeds germinated. In drought stress, the studied traits increased up to -6 times and then started to decrease. The results showed that the Pennisetum divisum plant is relatively resistant to salt and drought stress.
Elahe Nikouee; Maryam Mollashahi; Alireza Moshki; Homan Ravanbaksh
Abstract
Due to the fact that Elaeagnus angustifolia seed has a hard shell, the present study was conducted to investigate the types of appropriate treatments for germination of Elaeagnus angustifolia seed. The experiment was done in Semnan. Seed scarification performed in a completely randomized design with ...
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Due to the fact that Elaeagnus angustifolia seed has a hard shell, the present study was conducted to investigate the types of appropriate treatments for germination of Elaeagnus angustifolia seed. The experiment was done in Semnan. Seed scarification performed in a completely randomized design with three replications (12 seed per replication). Experimental treatments to break dormancy of Elaeagnus angustifolia seed included control, 60% sodium hydroxide for 20 and 30 minutes, 98% sulfuric acid for 20 and 30 minutes, 1% oxygenated water for 10 and 20 minutes, physical scraping, 90°C boiling water for 15 minutes and ice water(5 days at a temperature of zero degrees and then 24 hours at a temperature of 25 degrees for 3 days). The results showed that there was a significant difference at the level of 1 % between the germination treatments of Elaeagnus angustifolia seed including of germination percent, germination rate, and mean time of germination seed vitality index, and seed vegetative traits such as root length, stem length, number of leaflets and seed germination indices. The highest germination percentage was 88.67% in 98% sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes. Also, the highest seed vigor index (96%), mean root length(48 mm), mean stem length(60 mm) and average number of leaflets (5.7 number) were observed in this treatment. Totally, the results showed that in all parameters examined that Sulfuric acid treatment of 98% for 20 years obtained the highest values, but two treatments of ice water and boiling water prevented the germination of Oleaster seeds.
Sahar Rahmani; R. Tavakkol Afshari; Soroor Khorramdel; Seyyed Hossein Neamati
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa) is an important oilseed crop from the Brassicaceae family. This plant is important due to its industrial, health and food applications, and the cultivated area of this product is increasing, and important features of this plant. It can be attributed to the low need of this ...
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Camelina (Camelina sativa) is an important oilseed crop from the Brassicaceae family. This plant is important due to its industrial, health and food applications, and the cultivated area of this product is increasing, and important features of this plant. It can be attributed to the low need of this plant for inputs and high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A factorial experiment in the form of a complete block design using SAS statistical software of the seeds of two varieties of Camelina (Sohail and Line 69) in terms of the effect of foliar spraying of micronutrients iron, zinc, manganese and the combined treatment and the control treatment immediately after closing After the formation of 50% of the seeds, foliar spraying was done and it was investigated during 3 repetition. The images prepared from Camelina plant embryos were evaluated and checked and the results of image analysis were compared with the results of the germination . The results of this experiment showed that the seed of line 69, which had the minimum cotyledon length, the minimum embryonic axis length, the minimum seed length and the maximum seed width in the combined foliar spraying treatment, had the minimum ratio of the embryonic axis length to the seed length, the minimum cotyledon length ratio It is related to the seed length and the minimum seed length to width ratio that the smaller size of the seed in line 69 has led to a decrease in the percentage and speed of germination .
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 161-171
Abstract
An investigation to show importance of contamination of informal wheat seed to seed-borne diseases were conducted in Golestan Province. In 2007, a field survey was conducted in growing wheat fields using informal seed for planting in 6 towns of Golestan Province as Aliabad, Aghghala, Gorgan, Kalaleh, ...
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An investigation to show importance of contamination of informal wheat seed to seed-borne diseases were conducted in Golestan Province. In 2007, a field survey was conducted in growing wheat fields using informal seed for planting in 6 towns of Golestan Province as Aliabad, Aghghala, Gorgan, Kalaleh, Gonbad, and Fazelabad in order to identify the casual agent of seed-borne diseases on or in the seeds. Washing, deep freeze blotter, agar plate and embryo tests were used to isolate and identify the spores present on different part of the seeds. The results indicated 0.09- 45.55- 0.37- 66.19- 0.37- 0.17- 47.55- 0.12 -69.0 and 0.37 percent of Aliabad, Kalaleh, Gonbad, Gorgan, Aghghala, and Fazelabad seeds were infected by Ustilago tritici and Fusarium head blight, respectively. No seed samples was observed to be infected by Tilletia spp. spores in Golestan Province. Coefficient between Fusarium disease and factors involved in disease variablesare also studied. Continuously cultivation of wheat after corn causes an increase in Fusarium head blight, and nitrogen fertilizer application increases this disease. Micro-elements application can increase resistance ability of plant against these diseases
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 185-195
Abstract
به منظور بررسی اثرات اسمو پرایمینگ بر جوانه زنی بذر تریتیکاله (Triticosecale) رقم Lasko ، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات ...
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به منظور بررسی اثرات اسمو پرایمینگ بر جوانه زنی بذر تریتیکاله (Triticosecale) رقم Lasko ، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران اجرا گردید. عامل اول شامل اسمو پرایمینگ با پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG 6000) با محلول های 5 و 10 درصد، نیترات پتاسیم (KNO3) و کلرید پتاسیم ( KCI ) 2 و 4 درصد و عامل دوم مدت تیمار در 3 سطح 6، 12و 18 ساعت بود. صفات درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی، طول ریشه چه، ساقه چه و گیاهچه، وزن تر ریشه چه، ساقه چه، وزن تر و خشک کل، تعداد گیاهچه عادی و تعداد کل بذر جوانه زده، نسبت طولی، وزن تر و وزن خشک ریشه چه به ساقه چه و شاخص های طولی و وزنی بنیه بذر گیاهچه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین طول گیاهچه وطول ریشه چه تحت پرایم شدن توسط پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG) با غلظت 10 درصد و مدت زمان 6 ساعت و کمترین آن برای پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG) با غلظت 5 درصد و مدت زمان 12 ساعت بدست آمد. حداکثر نسبت وزن تر و خشک ریشه چه به ساقه چه ( ) به ترتیب با پرایم نمودن با نیترات پتاسیم (KNO3) و کلرید پتاسیم (KCl) با غلظت 2 درصد در مدت زمان 12 ساعت حاصل شد. بیشترین تعداد گیاهچه عادی، تعداد کل بذر جوانهزده و درصد جوانه زنی به طور مشترک در مدت زمان 12 ساعت و بیشترین سرعت جوانهزنی در مدت زمان 6 ساعت در کلیه محلول های اسموپرایمینگ مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص طولی گیاهچه تحت پرایم شدن با پلی اتیلن گلایکول (PEG) با غلظت 10 درصد و مدت زمان 18 ساعت حاصل شد، در حالی که کمترین شاخص وزنی بنیه گیاهچه در مدت زمان 18 ساعت با همین تیمار حاصل گردید.
Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 201-209
Abstract
Due toproblems arising from the use of natural methods acceptable herbicides for weed control has been identified. Allelopathyby releasing allochimical be one way to control weeds is worthwhile. In order to show the effects of aqueous extracts of Tarrgon and Savory on germination and growth ...
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Due toproblems arising from the use of natural methods acceptable herbicides for weed control has been identified. Allelopathyby releasing allochimical be one way to control weeds is worthwhile. In order to show the effects of aqueous extracts of Tarrgon and Savory on germination and growth of weeds Savory Oats seed in greenhouse, in College of Agricultural of azad university of shiraz, shiraz, Fars provenice, Iran wasconducted.experimentin a randomized complete block design with three replications and three factors were performed(The first factorin both savory and tarragon plant surface and the second factor and the third factor 4 levels in both leaf and stem). 7, 9, 11 and 13 days after sowing germinated seeds counted and the various parameters, was measured. resultsindicated that theuse ofsavory andtarragonleaves andstems of plantsmay reducethegermination andearly growthtraitsandoatsvehiclehas affected.SavoryTarragonplantdebriseffectwas moreandmoretraitshas reducedby 6%. A recentevaluationofallelopathiceffectsonweeds,crop residues, andothermaterialstoreduce reliance onherbicidesisnormaldamage. Future studies of this plant can be used to control weeds, oats .
R. Farhoudi; F. Por Hassan
Abstract
In order to evaluate the allelopatic potential of Eucalyptus camaldulesis aquatic extract on antioxidant enzyme activities, cell membrane damage and α-amylase enzyme activity of S. halapense, thisexperiments was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar branch at 2012. The experiment was ...
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In order to evaluate the allelopatic potential of Eucalyptus camaldulesis aquatic extract on antioxidant enzyme activities, cell membrane damage and α-amylase enzyme activity of S. halapense, thisexperiments was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar branch at 2012. The experiment was laid out according to a Completely Randomized Design with five replications and six treatments were various concentration of E. camaldulesis aquatic extract (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%). The results indicated E. camaldulesis aquatic extract application exhibited gradual rise inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling fresh weight, antioxidants enzymes activities, and α-amylase enzyme activity. Contrary to the previous traits, elevated malondialdehyde concentration and seedling fatty acid in S. halapense seedlings were detected. The minimum α-amylase enzyme activity (3.1 and 3.5 nmol prot -1 min-2 ), seedling fresh weight (0.1 and 0.8 mg) and seed germination (54% and 42 %) showed in 40% and 50% Eucalyptus camaldulesis aquatic extract. The highest fatty acid (23.6% and 23.1%) was noted at 40% and 50% Eucalyptus camaldulesis aquatic extract. In conclusion, E. camaldulesis aquatic extract decreased seedling growth, α-amylase enzyme activity and cell membrane stability of S. halapense seedling.
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 73-82
Abstract
To study the influence of different priming methods (hardening, hydrothermal, hydro priming, KCl2, CaNO3, NaCl, KNO3 and control) and duration of priming (3 and 6 h) on seedling characteristics and germinationindices of Althaea Officinalis L. seeds, two laboratory and pot experiments carried out separately ...
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To study the influence of different priming methods (hardening, hydrothermal, hydro priming, KCl2, CaNO3, NaCl, KNO3 and control) and duration of priming (3 and 6 h) on seedling characteristics and germinationindices of Althaea Officinalis L. seeds, two laboratory and pot experiments carried out separately factorial arrangements based on a completely randomized design in the Agricultural faculty of Urmia University. Analysis of variance showedthat there were significant differences between priming methods, durations of priming and their interactions in respect of all traits. The seed priming methods as compared with control improved seedling and germination indices by 3 to 8 fold.On the other hand, it was confirmed that all of germination parameters improved along with increasing the duration of priming. Finally, it was found that CaNO3 priming for 3 and 6 hours had the mostpositive effects on the seedling and germination indices. Therefore, this priming can be used to prepare Althaea Officinalis seeds for planting.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 73-82
Abstract
Contamination of maize seed production fields by blacknightshade weed is one of the seed production problems in Moghan region. With attention to possible effect of black nightshade fruit extract on maize seed germination properties, effect of various fruit extract concentrations including; 10, 30, 50, ...
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Contamination of maize seed production fields by blacknightshade weed is one of the seed production problems in Moghan region. With attention to possible effect of black nightshade fruit extract on maize seed germination properties, effect of various fruit extract concentrations including; 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100% and control (seeds not soaked in black nightshade fruit extract) on maize (Single cross 704) seed germinability and vigor were evaluated. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with four replications. Studied characters consisted of: germinated seeds number two and three days after planting, normal and abnormal seedlings number, ungerminated seeds number, mean time to germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, seedling and primary shoot and root length, primary shoot and root fresh and dry weight and seedling length and weight vigour indices. The results showed that extract concentrations had not significant effect on germinated seeds number three days after planting, normal and abnormal seedlings number, ungerminated seeds number, mean daily germination and daily germination speed. While extract concentrations significantly increased germinated seeds number two days after planting, mean time to germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, seedling and primary shoot and root length, primary shoot and root fresh and dry weight and seedling length and weight vigor indices. By increasing of blacknightshade extractconcentration, most of the positive seed germination and seedling vigor indices increased
S.A. Noorhosseini; M.N. Safarzadeh; S.M. Sadeghi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 75-91
Abstract
To study the effect of production region and seed weight on some characteristics related with germinability and seedling vigour of peanut seeds, a research was performed in three peanut fields in Astaneh Ashrafieh and agronomy laboratory of Rasht branch Islamic Azad University during 2010 to 2012. This ...
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To study the effect of production region and seed weight on some characteristics related with germinability and seedling vigour of peanut seeds, a research was performed in three peanut fields in Astaneh Ashrafieh and agronomy laboratory of Rasht branch Islamic Azad University during 2010 to 2012. This research was carried out using the standard germination test, cold and accelerated aging. For all tests a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design in 3 replications was used. First factor was seed production region in 3 levels (Noghredeh, Amshal and Bandar-Kiyashahr) and second factor was seed weight in 3 levels [heavy (seeds heavier than 1 g), medium (seeds between 0.8 and 0.1 g) and light (seeds lighter than 0.8 g)]. The studied characteristics were including: final germination percentage, seedling vigour, radicle dry weight, hypocotyl dry weight, plumule dry weight, cotyledons dry weight and seedling dry weight. Results indicated that effect of region on the final germination percentage, seedling vigour and radicle dry weight were significant in all tests. Peanut seed weights also had a significant effect on radicle dry weight, hypocotyl dry weight, plumule dry weight, cotyledons dry weight and seedling dry weight in all tests. Interaction of the region and seed weight on the seedling vigour of peanut seeds was significant in all tests. In accelerated ageing test, this interaction was significant on all the studied characteristics except for cotyledons dry weight. Mean comparison of studied characteristics also indicated that the greatest amount of studied parameters was observed from heavier seeds of Amshal region. The maximum germination percentage was detected in seeds produced in Amshal region with average of 86.67%. Also, maximum seedling vigour was achieved in heavy seeds produced in Amshal region with an average 54.24 (standard germination).
A. Hashemi; Sh. Barooti; R. Tavakkol Afshari
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, , Pages 77-84
Abstract
In order to estimate the germination cardinal temperatures, a laboratory experiment was conducted with Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond in a completely randomized design with four replications. Various constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) were considered. Germinated seeds were counted ...
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In order to estimate the germination cardinal temperatures, a laboratory experiment was conducted with Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond in a completely randomized design with four replications. Various constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) were considered. Germinated seeds were counted each day and the rate of germination and germination percentage was calculated. Cardinal temperatures diagram of Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond seed germination was constructed based on two regression models including segmented model and beta model. The effects of temperatures on rate and percentage of germination were significant. The highest germination rate was in 20º, R50=0.067 (Reverse time to 50% germination). Based on the two regression models, Intersected-lines Model and Quadratic Polynomial Model, the cardinal temperatures of Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond seeds germination (Tbase, Topt and Tmax) were: (1 - 3), (19– 23.1) and (43 – 59) °C, respectively. With increasing temperature, the more suitable conditions in terms of temperature, is created for Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond germination and germination rate is increased
F. Seraj; N. Salimi Tamali; H. Pirdashti; Y. Yaghobian
Abstract
The present research was aimed to evaluate the response of wheat vegetative and physiological attributes to seed biopriming by Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Trichoderma virens (Trich). Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates. Factors were included ...
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The present research was aimed to evaluate the response of wheat vegetative and physiological attributes to seed biopriming by Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Trichoderma virens (Trich). Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates. Factors were included seven levels of salt stress (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 mM of NaCl) and four levels of biopriming (control, seed priming by Pi or Trich and dual inoculation by Pi+Trich). Results showed that some measured parameters such as stem diameter, green leaf number per plant, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts and relative water content (RWC) linearly respond to salt stress. These parameters were reduced from 13 to 43 % when salt stress increased from 0 to 240 mM of NaCl. By contrast, some studied parameters such as plant height, stem fresh and dry weights, leaf fresh weight reduced by increasing of salt stress as a segmented equation. Meanwhile, biopriming of Pi and Pi+Trich markedly improved vegetative parameters in addition to RWC in wheat plants. Although, salt stress increased electrolyte leakage seed biopriming could ameliorate its slope as compared to the uninoculated control and therefore prevent its damage to the plant. In conclusion, it seems that seed biopriming of wheat by growth promoting fungi, P. indica and T. virens, positively improved the growth attributes under salt stress conditions.
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 81-96
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and seed quality criteria of Calendula officinalisL., seeds of a field experiment under application of two levels of cattle manure (without and with 20 t ha-1) and four levels of bacterial inoculant (containing N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizerbacteria, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and seed quality criteria of Calendula officinalisL., seeds of a field experiment under application of two levels of cattle manure (without and with 20 t ha-1) and four levels of bacterial inoculant (containing N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizerbacteria, mixture of bacteria and control) were evaluated for seed quality criteria in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in Medicinal Plant Laboratory of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, University of Tehran in 2010 and 2011. Then, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and dimension and seed germination quality criteria such as seed germination percentage, rate and uniformity, time to 95% germination, seedling weight and length and seed vigour index were investigated. Results indicated that interaction effect of manure and bacterial inoculant caused significantly the highest 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both years. Nearly, all criteria related to seed dimension affected by cow manure and also bacterial inoculants in both years. Also, application of cow manure significantly affected seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and inoculation of seed by plant growth promotion bacteria showed significant effects on seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and seed germination uniformity, time to 95% germination and seedling weight (first year). In general, using cattle manure and also plant growth promotion bacteria resulted in the highest amount of all measured criteria compared to non application of manure and bacterial inoculants.
Nour Ali Sajedi; Bizhan ghazi nezami
Abstract
In order to seed germination induction and response of seedling growth of Primula vulgaris to different treatments of mechanical scarification and chemical pre-treatment, an experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with treatments of control, seed scarification (for 3 minute), warm ...
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In order to seed germination induction and response of seedling growth of Primula vulgaris to different treatments of mechanical scarification and chemical pre-treatment, an experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with treatments of control, seed scarification (for 3 minute), warm water 70 and 90˚C, priming with potasium nitrate at the rate of 2 and 4%, gibberellic acid at the concentration of 250 and 500 mg/L with three replicates in 2013. The results showed that treatments of seed scarification, warm water 70 and 90˚C and gibberellic acid of 250 and 500 mg/L increased the seedling emergence percentage compared to the control. The maximum of the daily emergence percentage recorded from gibberellic acid of 250 mg/L. Seed treatment with potasium nitrate of 2 and 4% decreased the mean emergence time by 61.2 and 51.7% compared with the control, respectively. The highest emergence rate coefficient equal to 0.094 and 0.092 was achieved from seed treatment with potasium nitrate of 2 and 4% .The maximum seedling length (5.53 cm), seedling dry weight (0.029 g), seedling vigor weight index (1.15) was obtained at gibberellic acid of 250 mg/L treatment. Treatments of seed scarification, warm water 70 and 90˚C, gibberellic acid at the concentration of 250 and 500 mg/L increased seedling vigor weight index compared to the control, significantly. In general, seed pre-treatment of Primula vulgaris with gibberellic acid of 250 mg/L was improved germination and seedling growth indices.
Enayat Rezvani Khorshidi; Farshid Hasani; Mohammad Reza SHiri; Mehran Sharafizadeh; Aziz Moradi; Mohammad Rahmani; Aidin Hamidi; Mostafa Arabi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of seed size of hybrid maize (KSC704) at different sowing times on the indices related to percentage, rate, vigor and uniformity of seed emergence in the field, an experiment was conducted in two years 2012 and 2013 as a factorial design in Karaj. The female rows (B73 inbred ...
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In order to study the effect of seed size of hybrid maize (KSC704) at different sowing times on the indices related to percentage, rate, vigor and uniformity of seed emergence in the field, an experiment was conducted in two years 2012 and 2013 as a factorial design in Karaj. The female rows (B73 inbred line) were pollinated by male rows (Mo17 inbred line) in each plot. After different seed were determined, they cultivated in the field in the next year. Medium seeds in the first year and flat seeds in the second year had significantly the highest field emergence percentages nad round seeds had the lowest in both years. Flat seeds produced seedlings with the highest dry weight in both years. But in the aspect of emergence uniformity of seedling, medium seeds had a higher uniformity than the others. Despite the superiority of flat seeds in some indices, its superiority was not a definite issue, and in some of the important emergence indices, medium and even the round size had better field performance, depending on the environmental conditions of growth and development of the seeds on the ears of mother plant and at sowing time, and the compression of the seeds in different points of the ear, as well as desired purpose of cultivation. If vigorous seedlings are needed, the flat seeds, but if a higher emergence rate and uniformity is desired, the medium seeds and even round seeds can be better suited
Hamidreza Balouchi; Afsaneh Bekhradyani Nasab; Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi; Ali Sorooshzadeh
Abstract
Saffron is propagated exclusively by corm because of sterility. Therefore, choosing the suitable corm for cultivation is one of the important factors in saffron production and the final yield depends on the size of the corm. The research was conducted to investigate the effects of benzyl aminopurine ...
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Saffron is propagated exclusively by corm because of sterility. Therefore, choosing the suitable corm for cultivation is one of the important factors in saffron production and the final yield depends on the size of the corm. The research was conducted to investigate the effects of benzyl aminopurine hormone priming, application of bio-fertilizers and maternal corm weight on the germination indices of saffron cormlets. Experimental treatments consisted of large (7.1-10 g) and small (4-7 g) corms, priming with benzyl aminopurine at concentrations of 0, 250, and 500 mg/l and biofertilizer levels (no fertilizer, Mycorrhiza (Funneliformis mossea) and fertilizer, Phosphate Barvar2). The results showed that maternal corms with 7.1 to 10 g compared to 4 to 7 g increased seedling emergence rate by 14% and the seedling vigor length index by 6.3%. Hormonal priming of maternal corms with a concentration of 500 mg/l increased dry weight leaf of main and lateral shoots (34%), dry weight of the main and total shoots (37% ), and also improved emergence rate (56%) and the number of the contractile root of cormlet (77%) with biofertilizer application. The interaction of hormonal priming (250 mg/l) and the use of maternal corms with 7.1 to 10 g increased the weight index of seedling vigor by 72%. Biofertilizer treatment increased 25% of the total dry weight of the shoots. In general, the application of larger corms and the application of biofertilizer and hormonal priming improved cormlet and saffron seedling vigor.
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 85-95
Abstract
In order to evaluate seed priming effects on resistance of wheat germination against allelopathic stress caused by various bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis L.) organs, a study was carried out as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications in research laboratory of Karaj ...
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In order to evaluate seed priming effects on resistance of wheat germination against allelopathic stress caused by various bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis L.) organs, a study was carried out as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications in research laboratory of Karaj agriculture faculty (2012). Treatments were seed priming (distilled water, hydropriming and osmopriming with 15 and 45 ds/m of urea for eight hours), wheat cultivars (Niknezhad and Pishtaz), extracts of various bindweed organs (leaves, stem, root and total plant) and various extract concentrations (25, 50 and 100%). Results showed that extract didn’t affect germination percentage and plumule length but radicle length was increased by various concentrations of extract in hydroprimed seeds. The highest reduction in plumule length was observed in total plant extract whereas stem extract caused the highest radicle reduction. According to the results, Niknezhad cultivar showed superiority in all treatments because of better plumule and radicle length.Root lengthin seedprimingwithwater under Extractconcentration in Niknezhad 27/54per cent and thecultivar Pishtaz14/45percentlower than the control was reducedAlso water hydropriming could reduce the negative effects of bindweed extract on radicle length.
Esmaeil Yasari; Mousa Miri; Sadegh Atashi; mohsen jamali
Abstract
This study was evaluated the ability of a hydrothermal time model (HTT) to describe the kinetics of seed germination in crops and also to determine the cardinal temperatures for germination (as a case study; velvetleaf). For this purpose, the experiment was carried out at eight constant temperature regimes ...
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This study was evaluated the ability of a hydrothermal time model (HTT) to describe the kinetics of seed germination in crops and also to determine the cardinal temperatures for germination (as a case study; velvetleaf). For this purpose, the experiment was carried out at eight constant temperature regimes (T; 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40 and 42°C) at each of the following water potential (ψs; 0, –0.18, –0.36, –0.54 and –0.72 MPa; using PEG 6000). The results indicated that ψ influenced germination rate and germination percentage (P < 0.0001). For this seed lot, cardinal temperatures were 11.8°C for Tb, 35.4°C for To and 45.2°C for Tc in the control (0 MPa) treatment. There was a decrease in hydrotime constant (θH) when T was increased to To and then remained constant at supra-optimal Ts (24 MPa h-1). At the Ts above To, ψb(50) values increased linearly with T. The kT value (the slope of the relationship between ψb(50) and T exceeds To) of this seed lot was calculated as 0.1011 MPa°Ch-1. Moreover, the ψb(50) was estimated to be –0.91 MPa based on this model. Our results show that when the HTT model is applied, it can accurately describe germination response of velvetleaf around Ts and ψs.
razieh sadat jahanmir; Reza Tavakkol afshari; Kazem Postini
Abstract
Dehydration or Aging is one of the vigor reducing and seed germination limiting agents. Inappropriate storage places, especially the gene banks, can speed up the aging process in a variety of seeds. In this study, to improve the adverse effects of seed aging, hormone treatments with GA, Cytokinin, Auxin ...
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Dehydration or Aging is one of the vigor reducing and seed germination limiting agents. Inappropriate storage places, especially the gene banks, can speed up the aging process in a variety of seeds. In this study, to improve the adverse effects of seed aging, hormone treatments with GA, Cytokinin, Auxin and Salicylic acid in concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 ppm (and distilled water as a control) on the quality of the naturally and synthetic deteriorated seeds of wheat were studied in the seed laboratory of Agriculture and natural resources college, Tehran University in 2015. After hormonal treatment, germination under salt stress in three levels, 0, -4 and -8 bar were investigated. The results showed that the naturally aged seeds had a higher mean value for all the traits. Treatment with cytokinin hormone showed higher percentage and germination rate and WGI between others hormones and all the hormonal treatments were better than control treatment (distilled water) in all traits and increased salinity stress tolerance. Salinity stress could affect all traits except the Mean Germinations Time.
Shayesteh Salehi; Ghorban Noormohammadi
Abstract
In order to quantify the germination characteristics and determine the cardinal temperature of germination of Euphorbia maculata, seeds were placed at constant temperatures (2- 45 °C). Results showed that seed of E.maculata had no germination at temperatures of 2, 5, 10 and 45 ° C, and the temperature ...
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In order to quantify the germination characteristics and determine the cardinal temperature of germination of Euphorbia maculata, seeds were placed at constant temperatures (2- 45 °C). Results showed that seed of E.maculata had no germination at temperatures of 2, 5, 10 and 45 ° C, and the temperature of 30° C was the best temperature for germination seeds (91% Germination percentage). Three models of intersected-line, dent-like segmented and quadratic polynomials were used to estimate the cardinal temperatures. The best model for estimating the cardinal temperatures in E.maculata was intersected-line model with respect to coefficient of determination and mean square error. According to the intersected-line the minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures were calculated 9.8, 28.33 and 43.16 °C. In order to investigate water potential on germination percentage, seeds treated with water potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa) at optimum temperature of 28°C. Baesd on the three-parameter sigmoid method, the value of speed, root length, stem length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight were estimated to be -0.53, -0.48, -0.51, -0.48, -0.52Mpa respectively. According to the hydro-time model based on normal distribution, the hydro-time constant and the base-water potential (which is a threshold for germination beginning) of E.maculata degree were 291.32 (MPa/h) and -1/2 (MPa) at 28 °C, respectively. Thus, this weed species has a great potential for distribution to other areas such as provinces with a dryer climate than Golestan, and the necessary measures to prevent its distribution is necessary.
K. Moslemkhani; Farshid Hasani; Esmail nasrollahi; Samad Mobasser; Mohammadreza Jazayeri
Abstract
Fast and precise detection of infected potato plants is an essential practice in the seed potato certification system. Spectral fingerprinting as non-destructive and rapid method is going to be developed for discriminating plants with different stress such as disease. In this research virus infections ...
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Fast and precise detection of infected potato plants is an essential practice in the seed potato certification system. Spectral fingerprinting as non-destructive and rapid method is going to be developed for discriminating plants with different stress such as disease. In this research virus infections of experimental plants (that infected with both PVY and PLRV viruses) were analyzed by spectral data without any destruction. Spectral data were collected from 32 plants (16 infected plants and 16 healthy plants) that were found to be infected or healthy using the ELISA and RT-PCR test. Some pretreatment methods of spectral data such as multiplicative scatter correction were used to remove noise. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) based on PCA analysis predicted the disease with high detection accuracy. The results showed, none of the samples belonged to the wrong group or to two groups simultaneously. The wavelengths in three ranges of 910-863 nm (near-infrared ), 725-704 nm (red edge) and 580-530 nm (green), had the greatest contribution to the complete differentiation of infected and healthy plants and development of models respectively.
Abbas Hashemi; Reza Tavakkol afshari; Leila Tabrizi; Shiva Barooti
Abstract
Abstract1 Predicting seed viability would be extremely beneficial to seed producers and the prediction of seed viability depends on understanding the quantitative relationships between seed longevity, seed moisture content and storage temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed quality ...
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Abstract1 Predicting seed viability would be extremely beneficial to seed producers and the prediction of seed viability depends on understanding the quantitative relationships between seed longevity, seed moisture content and storage temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed quality of plantago ovata seed under various seed moisture content, temperature and storage time and quantify this effect and determine the coefficients of life. Seeds with various moisture contents (5, 9, 13, 17%) were kept under four temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45°C) for six months. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference for all main and interaction effects. High temperature along with higher moisture content resulted in more deterioration in seeds. coefficients of life after six months of storage using the equation viability was Calculated. estimates of KE = 6, CW = 3, CH = 0.06, CQ = 0.000023 were derived for prediction of storage length. end
