ALI GHATEI; Hamideh Azad; ghasem parmoon
Abstract
In order to study germination characteristics of wheat seeds Chamran cultivar of wheat obtained from Plant that treated with different levels of nitrogen and spraying cytokinin under heat stress conditions, this research carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete design with four replications ...
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In order to study germination characteristics of wheat seeds Chamran cultivar of wheat obtained from Plant that treated with different levels of nitrogen and spraying cytokinin under heat stress conditions, this research carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete design with four replications at seed technology laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. In both conditions Normal (optimum planting date) and Terminal heat stress (late planting date), nitrogen (N) was in four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg.ha-1) and cytokinin (Ck) was in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM). The results showed the simple effects of N fertilizer on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl and radicle dry weight, weight vigor index, FMOB, SRUE and thousand grain weight were effective significantly. Effect of planting date was effective significantly on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl dry weight. The cytokinin (Ck) was effective significantly only on germination percentage, germination uniformity, D90, Length vigor index, SRUE and thousand grain weights. Results of interaction showed treatment of N× planting date had the most Germination rate (0.03 per day). The most mobility of seed reserves (1.6 mg per mg seed) and seed vigor (17.19) was obtained from high levels of N×CK treatment. The effect of N ×Ck× planting showed the most germination (100%) was obtained from high levels of N×Ck treatment and the less germination percentage (66%) was obtained from treatment of late planting date and 150 kg ha-1 N and without cytokinin. so cytokinin increased the resistance of wheat against terminal heat stress and increased germination percentage of seed produced.
maryam Boroujerdnia; hamed hasanzadeh khankahdani
Abstract
This study evaluated different methods of improving seed germination in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated four times. Treatments were consisting of distilled water for 24 h at ambient temperature, hot water ...
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This study evaluated different methods of improving seed germination in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated four times. Treatments were consisting of distilled water for 24 h at ambient temperature, hot water 80 Ċ for 5 min, potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 1 and 2% for 24 h, sulphuric acid (98% H2SO4) for 5 min, sulphuric acid (50% H2SO4) for 10 min and control (seeds were not treated). Results showed that the greatest percentage and speed germination and was observed in treatment of sulphuric acid (98% H2SO4) for 5 min. The lowest Mean time to germination was obtained in sulphuric acid (98% H2SO4) for 5 min followed by potassium nitrate at 1% . Maximum seed vigour index was observed in sulphuric acid (98% H2SO4) for 5 min that had no had no significant difference with sulphuric acid (50% H2SO4) for 10 min and potassium nitrate (1 and 2%) for 24h. pre-treatment of distilled water and hot water were not effective in improving seed germination of tamarind. The highest number leaf, length of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight of stem and root was observed in potassium nitrate at 1% for 24h followed by potassium nitrate at 2%. Therefore, the results showed that pre-treatment of seed with potassium nitrate 1% for 24h is effective way to improve seed germination and early growth of tamarind.
esmaeil mousavi; Heshmat Omidi
Abstract
To study the effect of bio-priming on germination, growth and physiological indices of pumpkin under salinity a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in three replications. Experimental treatments were salinity at four levels (zero, 40, 80 and 120 mM) and biological pre-treated ...
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To study the effect of bio-priming on germination, growth and physiological indices of pumpkin under salinity a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in three replications. Experimental treatments were salinity at four levels (zero, 40, 80 and 120 mM) and biological pre-treated at eight levels (control, inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum fungi, Azoto bio-fertilizer, phosphate bio-fertilizer, both bio-fertilizer, combination of fungi and azoto bio-fertilizer, combination of fungi and phosphate bio-fertilizer, fungi and both bio-fertilizer). Phosphate biofertilizer threatment had maximum positive effect on percent germination with increasing the salinity. In combination of fungi and phosphate biofertilizer with increasing the salinity levels reduced fewer the germination coefficient. Low levels of salinity had positive effect on growth indices and caused increase that this indices. Maximum seedling length in different levels of salinity obtained in combination of both biofertilizers treatment. Maximum amount of vigor weighted index obtained in fungi treatment and increasing of salinity level caused that reduced this trait. With increasing of salinity level reduced dry weight of seedling and was maximum amount in fungi treatment. The use of microorganisms caused that reduced the negative effect of salinity. With salinity increasing increased the amount of antioxidant enzymes and the use of biopriming treatments more increased the amount of these enzymes in compared to control which show these treatments was effective in reduction of salinity effect by means of increasing the enzymes. Using of microorganisms with more increasing antioxidant enzymes in compared to control caused reduction of negative effect of salinity stress.
Ali Asghar Armak; Hassan Feizi; Masood Alipanah
Abstract
With the aim of investigation of Humic and biological fertilizer sources together with nitrogen fertilizer on corm production on Torbat Heydarieh landrace, an experiment was conducted in research farm of University of Torbat Heydarieh in 2015-2016. The experiment consisted 18 treatments in which main ...
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With the aim of investigation of Humic and biological fertilizer sources together with nitrogen fertilizer on corm production on Torbat Heydarieh landrace, an experiment was conducted in research farm of University of Torbat Heydarieh in 2015-2016. The experiment consisted 18 treatments in which main factor was three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50 kg/ha as urea) and sub factor was application of Biumic (micronutrients and acid humic), Super humic, Superhumic+Biumic, Humiful (acid humic), Nitrokara (nitrogen, phosphorus-soluble bacteria) and control. The experiment performed as split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results demonstrated that application of nitrogen had the significant effect on fresh weight and fresh yield of replacement corms. In 25 kg nitrogen treatment the fresh weight and fresh yield of replacement corms increased 5.6 and 8.2 percent in compared to control, respectively. In Super humic+Biumic treatment the fresh and dry weight of replacement corms increased 61.5 and 60.2 percent in compared to control, respectively. All of resource treatments significantly enhanced number of replacement corm. Overall, it seems that nitrogen fertilizer using had not considerable impact on corm traits, but employing of Humic and biological fertilizer could be very important on saffron corm production.
koorosh rahbari; Mehdi Madandoost; farhad mohajeri; Mohamad Rahim Owji
Abstract
The improper harvesting time can result in producing poor quality seed because leakage from the seed coat increases under these conditions. As such, it is critical to determine the proper seed moisture at the harvesting time. This study is included two years conducted in 2018 and 2019 as a factorial ...
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The improper harvesting time can result in producing poor quality seed because leakage from the seed coat increases under these conditions. As such, it is critical to determine the proper seed moisture at the harvesting time. This study is included two years conducted in 2018 and 2019 as a factorial in the form of a randomized complete design under three replications. The first factor contains three corn varieties (Simon, AS71 and KSC703) whereas the second factor contains four harvesting times in terms of the seed moisture content (30, 35, 40 and 45%). The obtained results indicate that the highest electrical conductivity is observed in the early harvest treatment with 45% moisture, whereas the lowest electrical conductivity is observed in the treatment with 30% moisture at the harvesting time. The early harvest with 45% moisture decreases the viability as well as the percentage and germination rate of corn seeds. The highest viability of corn seeds at 35% moisture at the harvesting time is observed in AS71 varietie. Moreover, the germination of seeds of the Simon and KSC703 varieties did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the treatment of 30% moisture at the harvesting time with 35% and 40% moisture. The treatment with 45% moisture delayed the germination rate. In general, due to the reduction in the germination response at high moisture content at maturity time for standard and aging acceleration test, 30 and 35% moisture content at maturity time were found to be appropriate to produce high quality corn seeds.
Zeinab Savaedy; Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh; seyed ata Siadat; Amin Lotfi Jalal Abadi; Seyed Amir Moosavi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of storage temperature and humidity on seed germination properties and seedling growth of (Nigella sativa L.), a factorial experiment was conducted at the seed technology laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan based on the randomized ...
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In order to study the effects of storage temperature and humidity on seed germination properties and seedling growth of (Nigella sativa L.), a factorial experiment was conducted at the seed technology laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan based on the randomized block design with four replications. Experimental treatments were different levels of relative humidity during storage (33, 75 and 100%), storage temperatures (30, 35, 40 and 45 oC) and storage durations (24, 48, 72 and 96 hour) and control. Results showed that increase of storage temperature and relative humidity led to lower seed germination percentage and germination rate, reduction in the root and shoot length and seedling vigor indices, while mean germination time and electrical conductivity increased. Among experimental treatments, the severe deterioration was observed at 100% relative humidity and 45 oC with the durations of 96 hour and at the medium deterioration treatments, of Nigella seeds were resealed from primary dormancy and seed germination was increased, accordingly. Fitted linear regression models by experimental treatments vs germination indices and seedling growth showed that except mean germination time of seed germination, all the traits exhibited linear relationship with three independent variables studied in this experiment
mohammad mohammadi; Reza Tavakkol Afshari; Jafar Nabati; Ehsan Oskoueian
Abstract
Identification of primings that induce secondary metabolites in order to withstand cold stress can be effective in the establishment and yield of crops. This experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions as a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect of seed ...
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Identification of primings that induce secondary metabolites in order to withstand cold stress can be effective in the establishment and yield of crops. This experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions as a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect of seed priming on cold tolerace of three genotypes and one cultivar of chickpea during germination stage in 2020. Treatments include temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ° C, genotypes of MCC505, ILC8617, MCC495 and Saral cultivar and primings included control (non-primed), hydropriming, sodium chloride, acid salicylic, sodium nitroprusside, phosphorus and potassium soluble bacteria, Full spectrum of 20 essential amino acids, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate. Results indicated that the treatments of sodium nitroprusside, hydropriming, acid salicylic and zinc sulfate prevented the germination activity from stopping due to the decrease in temperature and among them, sodium nitroprusside treatment was able to improve germination percentage, germination rate, hydrogen peroxide and catalase under 5 ° C compared to the control by 5.7, 19, 4 and 15%, respectively. In addition, the above treatmens under 20 ° C resulted in 2 and 4.7% improvement in alpha-amylase and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Generally, the effect of priming on cold tolerance at the germination stage showed that cold stress reduces seed germination and germination rate and has a negative effect on germination indices, enzymatic and biochemical activity. However, the use of primings, especially sodium nitroprusside, moderated the effect of cold stress and improved seed characteristics under cold stress.
Sh. Shahmoradi; F. Hamidi; K.S. Asilan; S. Mansourifar
Abstract
Environmental stress is the main effect reducing plant growth and development especially in germination stage. The aim of this project was to determine the threshold for salt stress tolerance in germination stageand mature plant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and evaluate the relation between ...
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Environmental stress is the main effect reducing plant growth and development especially in germination stage. The aim of this project was to determine the threshold for salt stress tolerance in germination stageand mature plant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and evaluate the relation between indices. First, the LD50 test was conducted for salt stress tolerance using NaCl, then probit analyze was done. The reaction of seven selected genotypes from barley and three cultivars were assessed in four levels of salinity and drought stress. Factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Based on probit analysis, the LD50 for salinity stress was 18 ds/m. Salt stress germination experiment included control, 9, 18 and 27 ds/m levels. Principal component analysis showed that at two levels of moderate and moderate stress in germination experiments (9 and 18 dS / m) that the salinity concentration was close to field conditions, in vitro tolerance indices and The field showed a close relationship. This relationship was not observed at severe stress levels (27 ds/m). Overall, the results showed that genotypes TN4807, KC70173, TN6141 and Nosrat cultivar had higher tolerance to germination conditions (9 and 18 ds/m) and field conditions.
Reza Kamaei; Mohammad Kafi; Reza Tavakkol Afshari; Saeid Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Jafar Nabati
Abstract
In order to identify different landraces of onion seeds in terms of germination characteristics, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2020. The experimental treatments ...
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In order to identify different landraces of onion seeds in terms of germination characteristics, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2020. The experimental treatments were 29 native landraces of onion seeds from different regions of Iran and two improved cultivars as control. The results showed a significant difference for all measured indices amongst landraces. Also, the clustering results of the landraces, based on the apparent characteristics, showed that among the 4 clusters, the third cluster, which includes 9 landraces (Harsin, Kavar, Azarshahr, Bonab, Yasuj, Qorveh, Kashan white, Neishabour white and Qoli Qeseh) has better appearance characteristics in terms of 1000-grain weight (average 4.54 g), grain length (average 3.08 mm) and grain diameter (1.9 mm). Also, it was shown based on germination characteristics that among the six indivisual clusters, the fourth cluster with 7 landraces including Yasuj, Kashan white, Dorcheh Yellow, Turkey, Tarom, Neishabour white and Qorveh has better germination characteristics. In general, it can be concluded that based on the appearance and germination characteristics, Yasuj, Kashan white and Neishabour white landraces showed a better seed quality.
Sayyed Saeed Moosavi; Payman Nosrati; Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
Abstract
Datura is an important medicinal plant for production of various alkaloids. Seed dormancy and the problem of germination is the most important barrier to produce this plant. In order to solve the germination problem in this important medicinal plant, the present study was carried out as a factorial experiment ...
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Datura is an important medicinal plant for production of various alkaloids. Seed dormancy and the problem of germination is the most important barrier to produce this plant. In order to solve the germination problem in this important medicinal plant, the present study was carried out as a factorial experiment with three factors based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor consisted of two datura ecotypes (Hamadan and Esfahan), the second factor included three levels of physical treatments of breaking dormancy (no scratching; scratch with sandpaper and wet bathing of bain marie bath for 7 days at 60 °C; scratch with sandpaper and dry chilling for 7 days at 4 °C), and the third factor included five levels of chemical treatments of breaking dormancy (no application of chemical treatments [putting the seeds on distil water from the beginning of the experiment to the end of the experiment]; NaOH 20% for 90 minutes; NaOH 20% for 90 minutes + gibberellin 500 ppm for 48 hours; NaOH 20% for 90 minutes + potassium nitrate 300 ppm [putting the seeds in potassium nitrate solution from the beginning of the experiment to the end of the experiment]; NaOH 20% for 90 minutes + gibberellin 500 ppm for 48 hours + potassium nitrate 300 ppm). Interaction of ecotypes and seed dormancy breaking treatments was significant for most traits except; number of leaves per plant, root fresh weight, shoot length and stem fresh weight. The results showed that the chemical treatment of NaOH 20% + gibberellin 500 ppm, was the best dormancy braking treatment for the fresh harvested seeds of datura. Therefore, using this treatment is recommended to break seed dormancy more than 70 percent, without significant damage on the seeds. In general, it was found that the chemical treatments were more effective than physical treatment on breaking the dormancy of datura seed and the main cause of breaking seed dormancy and stimulation of vegetative growth of seedlings obtained was the combination of NaOH with gibberellin.
Keyvan Maleki; Nader Salehi; Elias Soltani; Mostafa Oveisi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantification the effect of secondary dormancy inducing on emergence rapeseed using Chapman-Richards model under field conditions. This experiment was carried out using 20 rapeseed genotypes cultivated in Iran under field conditions. Seeds were tested for secondary dormancy ...
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The purpose of this study was to quantification the effect of secondary dormancy inducing on emergence rapeseed using Chapman-Richards model under field conditions. This experiment was carried out using 20 rapeseed genotypes cultivated in Iran under field conditions. Seeds were tested for secondary dormancy according to the Hohenheim standard dormancy test. Seedling emergence trial was carried out using a randomized complete block as a factorial arrangement with four replications in a research farm of Abourahian Campus, University of Tehran for 122 days. Emerged seedlings were removed after counting. The results of this study showed that both genotype and drought stress factors are effective on seedling emergence percentage and rate of rapeseed under field conditions. However, potential secondary dormancy inducing was different among the cultivars, and in Karaj2, H50 and SLM046 genotypes emergence rate before inducing secondary dormancy was 0.407, 0.143 and 0.355 which increased to 0.411, 0.228 and 0.364 after inducing secondary dormancy, respectively. the results of the mean comparison showed that the maximum percentage of emergence in nondormant seed was related to Ahmadi cultivar, but this cultivar was not significantly different with other varieties of Hayola, Moghan, SLM046, RGS003, Opera and Karaj. When secondary dormany induced to seeds, Ahmadi cultivar had the highest percentage of emergence and the lowest percentage of emergence after dormancy inducing was related to Talayeh cultivar.
Heidar Meftahizade; Zahra Rahmati Ahmadabad
Abstract
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), is an annual plant of the legume family. The gum of this plant, which is actually extracted from the seed endosperm, is used in various industries. Germination and seedling growth indices are among the most important indicators for selecting salinity tolerant genotypes. ...
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Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), is an annual plant of the legume family. The gum of this plant, which is actually extracted from the seed endosperm, is used in various industries. Germination and seedling growth indices are among the most important indicators for selecting salinity tolerant genotypes. In this study, the effects of 4 salinity levels (such as: 0, 80, 150 and 220 mM) on germination characteristics and preliminary seedling growth (including percentage and rate of germination, seed vigor, etc.) of ten genotypes and guar seed selection were investigated. The results showed that salinity treatment, genotype and interactions of genotype × salinity on seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, seedling length were significant at 1% probability level. Mean comparisons showed showed that RGC-1008 had the highest percentage and germination rate and Saravan had the lowest percentage and germination rate. Mean comparison of salinity levels showed that the control had the highest (2.23cm) and the 150 mM treatment has the lowest shoot length (1.47cm). RGC-1038 and Bampour with 395.3 and 414.73 showed the highest seed vigor respectively, and Saravan with 68.32 showed the lowest seed vigor. In general, RGC-1008 can be a suitable candidate to cultivate in salinity stress after affecting other agronomic treatments.
Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari; Mohsen Kaviani
Abstract
Astragalus, is one of perennial and various species which is expanded in an Iranian’s ranges. In regard to the expansion of plant shoot in grassland with steep, we can use it to prevent soil erosion. Also, we use some species of Astragalus to gum tragacanth extract. This study aimed to identify ...
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Astragalus, is one of perennial and various species which is expanded in an Iranian’s ranges. In regard to the expansion of plant shoot in grassland with steep, we can use it to prevent soil erosion. Also, we use some species of Astragalus to gum tragacanth extract. This study aimed to identify methods of dormancy breaking and characters of germination in four species that was designed. Seeds of four species A. brevidens, A. podolobus, A. caragana, and A. cyclophyllus were purchased from the Seeds Institute of the name of Isfahan Pakan Bazr. Treatments used for the experiment were dry chilling for 15 and 30 days, moist chilling for 15 and 30 days, scarification with sandpaper, and gibberellic acid (GA3, four levels). The results demonstrated that treatments of scarification and moist chilling for 15 days are the most effective treatments to increase seed germination. The majority of species moist chilling for 15 days can significantly increase the germination index while minimum germination index belongs to scarification, which consequently increased the mean germination time. Between the species, the A .caragana has the most germination percentage and germination index, which shows the highest compatibility of this species to the ecological condition in an Iranian Ranges.
Tayebeh Alsadat Cheraghi Takht Choobi; Seyed Amir Moosavi; ahmad zare; Ahmad KoochekZade; ghasem parmoon
Abstract
The effects of accelerated aging treatment on seed germination of Echinops was quantified using nonlinear models using Sigmoid, Segmented, Gompertz and Richards models and hydrotime model in Weibull, Normal and Gombel distribution functions. Experimental factors were seed aging for (0, 24, 48, 72 and ...
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The effects of accelerated aging treatment on seed germination of Echinops was quantified using nonlinear models using Sigmoid, Segmented, Gompertz and Richards models and hydrotime model in Weibull, Normal and Gombel distribution functions. Experimental factors were seed aging for (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour) at relative humidity (RH)=100%, temperature (T) =40 oC and seven osmotic potential (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, -1.2 MPa). Results of experiment revealed that interaction effect of aging and osmotic stress on seed germination and germination rate of Echinopsis was significant. Seed germination parameters of Echinops were increase by aging treatment up to 72 h but it was declined at aging treatment of 96 h. Seed germination and germination rate were increased by aging treatment till 72 h but at 96 h, both were declined. Gompertz exhibited the best fit for no aged, 24 h and 48 h while sigmoid function was provided the best fit for aging at 72 and 96 h. Among all studied distribution function, it was revealed that normal distribution was the most effective one thus base potential (ψb) and hydrotime constant (θH) were -0.68 MPa and 6 MPa hour, respectively. However, after 96 h of aging treatment ψb and θH were estimated 0.731 MPa and 19.3 MPa hour, respectively. It can be concluded that freshly harvested Echinops exhibited some levels of seed dormancy which was alleviated at mild to moderate aging conditions, but after 72 h, deteriorative mechanism led to damaging effects and declined seed germination quality.
salim farzaneh; shahram khodadadi; Saeed Khomari; morteza Barmaki
Abstract
< p >The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of seed coating with combinations of micronutrients, stimulants and growth regulators on emergence, plant establishment and early stages of sugar beet growth. This study was carried out in greenhouse conditions at Mohaghegh Ardabili University ...
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< p >The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of seed coating with combinations of micronutrients, stimulants and growth regulators on emergence, plant establishment and early stages of sugar beet growth. This study was carried out in greenhouse conditions at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2018. Experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Seed washing (washing and not-washing), varity (Shekofa-Persian) and various combinations of micronutrients, stimulants and growth regulators which contains 5 were treated with a control (no cover-up) were the experimental factors. Comparison of the mean data from the experiment showed that among the sugar beet monogerm hybrids, Pars hybrid was superior in terms of establishment percentage. The results of this study showed that seed coating after washing increased the efficiency of sugar beet seed coating treatments. Among different treatments, seed coating treatments 1 [Zn+Mn+B (9, 16.5 and 8.5 g/ kg-1 seed Respectively)+ Gibberellic acid+ Ethylene+ Salicylic acid (1.2, 2 and 0.35 mL/ kg-1 seed, Respectively)] and 2 [Zn+Mn+B (9, 16.5 and 8.5 g/ kg-1 seed Respectively)+ Amino acid+ Humic acid + Seaweed extract (8, 12 and 12 g / kg-1 seed, Respectively)] had the most effect on accelerating emergence and improvement of seedling growth and maximum chlorophyll index and quantum yield of photosystem II were observed in these treatments.
ahmad zare; fatemeh deris; zahra karimi
Abstract
In order to response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) to environmental factors (temperature, drought and salinity), were conducted three separate experiments in 6 replicates in 2019 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Temperature treatments included ...
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In order to response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) to environmental factors (temperature, drought and salinity), were conducted three separate experiments in 6 replicates in 2019 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Temperature treatments included (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), drought stress (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa) and salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mM), respectively. The results of Temperature indicated that the highest germination percentage was at 25(94%), 20(93/33%) and 30 °C (92%). The lowest germination percentage was at 35 °C (22.66) and at 40 °C germination completely was inhibited. Based on the estimation of the logistic equation three parameters (x50), germination percentage and germination rate were reduced by 50% at -0.70 and -0.46 -MPa levels of drought stress, respectively. The salinity required to reduce by 50% were in germination percentage (182.35mM and germination rate (130.57mM). the knowledge of seed biology of yellow starthistle can help to manage emergence in the future.
Mohammad khademi; Faezeh Zaefarian; Shahram Nazari; Mohammad Ali Esmaelee
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of hydropriming and osmopriming on the characteristics of experimental rice seedlings, the treatment was performed in a completely randomized design in three replications.Treatments included two rice cultivars (Tarom and Shiroudi) and priming at five levels including ...
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In order to investigate the effect of hydropriming and osmopriming on the characteristics of experimental rice seedlings, the treatment was performed in a completely randomized design in three replications.Treatments included two rice cultivars (Tarom and Shiroudi) and priming at five levels including calcium chloride and potassium chloride priming (Ψs -1.25 MPa), ascorbate acid (10 mg l-1), hydropriming (for 48 hours) and control (no priming). In this study, seedling characteristics were measured. Interaction of cultivar and priming showed that the highest germination percentage was observed in the range of 97-100% in Shiroudi and Tarom cultivars primed with calcium chloride and potassium chloride. The lowest germination percentage (85.33% and 77.33%, respectively) was obtained under control in Shiroudi and Tarom cultivars, respectively. The highest germination rate was obtained in priming with calcium chloride and potassium chloride, which increased the germination rate by 52 and 54%, respectively. The effect of cultivar and priming on root and shoot length as well as root and shoot dry weight were significant at 1% probability level. also, root and shoot length were 5.97 and 5.4 cm in Shiroudi and 4.01 and 4.59 cm in Tarom, respectively. The results showed that priming with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ascorbic acid and water increased seedling length vigor indices 69, 64, 13 and 32% in Shiroudi and 91, 70, 47 and 43% in Tarom, respectively compared to control. Also, priming with calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ascorbic acid and water increased seedling weight vigor indices by 110, 95, 50 and 47%, respectively.
zahra rezaloo; samira shahbazi; hamed askari
Abstract
One of the methods of priming is biopriming with growth promoting bacteria to increase seed germination and stimulate seedling growth. In this study, different effects of gamma ray on bacteria as mutants, irradiated (wild type) and control bacteria and then their effect on germination and vegetative ...
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One of the methods of priming is biopriming with growth promoting bacteria to increase seed germination and stimulate seedling growth. In this study, different effects of gamma ray on bacteria as mutants, irradiated (wild type) and control bacteria and then their effect on germination and vegetative traits of seeds were investigated. Seeds were selected from the legumes, cereal and garden plants. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results showed that germination in the seeds had a positive reaction to the bacteria. But bean seeds had different responses to treatments. Reaction of different seeds to mutant and wild bacteria was different. Chickpeas achieved 100% germination with growth-promoting bacteria. Soybeans, flax, mung bean, wheat and lettuce had higher germination rates than controls. In the other measured vegetative traits, the bacteria showed different responses to the bacteria compared to the control and should be carefully studied for their use. But in general it can be said that all seeds increased in most of the traits compared to control and showed a positive reaction.
Akram Abdolmaleki; Ghasem Tohidloo; Samira Shahbazi
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effect of using seed treatment by Carboxin Thiram, Imidacloprid, polymer, GA3 and Trichoderma (Wild and Mutant with 250gy gamma rays) on Germination Rate, Final Germination Percentage, Seedling length and Vigor index performed at the Seed Technology Laboratory ...
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This research was carried out to investigate the effect of using seed treatment by Carboxin Thiram, Imidacloprid, polymer, GA3 and Trichoderma (Wild and Mutant with 250gy gamma rays) on Germination Rate, Final Germination Percentage, Seedling length and Vigor index performed at the Seed Technology Laboratory of Sugar Beet Seed Institute(SBSI). GA3 alone or with chemical treatments and Trichoderma in seed coating increased the germination. Seeds coated with 2g Carboxin Thiram, 2g Imidacloprid , 2g polymerand 1000ppm GA3 showed the highest percentage of germination (99%).The result showed that the use of polymer increased the germination percentage, vigor index and seedling length. Furthermore, application of seed treatment did not show any adverse effects on germination traits. On the other hand, the use of wild species of Trichoderma reduced germination traits. Reduced effect of seed coating by Trichoderma moderated with mutant species, but there was a germination reduction when compared to the control treatment.
fatemeh sakhai; zahra movahedi; mehdi ghabooli; ehsan mohseni fard
Abstract
Heavy metal stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and yield of plants in many parts of the world. The fungus Piriformospora indica, as a mycorrhizal endophytic fungus, stimulates the growth of many plant species and also increases the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. ...
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Heavy metal stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and yield of plants in many parts of the world. The fungus Piriformospora indica, as a mycorrhizal endophytic fungus, stimulates the growth of many plant species and also increases the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In this research, the interaction effect of P. indica and Cd on germination of fenugreek, also the interaction effect of P. indica and Cd in soil system were investigated on morphophysiological traits of fenugreek according to a factorial experiment based on completely randomize design (CRD) with 3 replication in two independent experiments. The results of interaction effect of P. indica and Cd on germination of fenugreek showed that Cd stress may give to plants allows germination, but increased in their concentration impaired the some seed germination indices of fenugreek. Also the results of the interaction effect of P. indica and Cd in soil culture showed that Cd stress reduced the most of measured morphological traits mean and increased the most of enzyme studied in fenugreek. According to these results, it seems that the fungus in addition to colonization of fenugreek also has an effect on its improvement in Cd stress.
Hajar Ghafoori; Eshagh Keshtkar; Majid Aghaalikhani; Alireza Mahdavian
Abstract
The phenomenon of seed dormancy in weeds not only lead to management difficulties over time but also can disrupt the biological, morphological and ecological studies carried out on these species. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ultrasound on seed dormancy breaking of Datura stramonium ...
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The phenomenon of seed dormancy in weeds not only lead to management difficulties over time but also can disrupt the biological, morphological and ecological studies carried out on these species. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ultrasound on seed dormancy breaking of Datura stramonium and Convolvulus arvensis in laboratory conditions. Two separate experiments were conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications for each species. The ultrasonic waves were applied at five powers including 0, 80, 150, 250 and 350 watts for four and eight minutes, where the applied ultrasonic frequency was 20 kHz and the temperature of water was remained constant at 25°C. In addition to the ultrasound treatments, the common dormancy-breaking treatments including chilling (natural chilling, moist chilling and dry chilling) and mechanical scarification were applied on D. stramonium and C. arvensis, respectively. All sonication treatments decreased accumulated maximum germination (Gmax) of both weed species. Also, the ultrasound treatments increased time to 50% of maximum germination (G50) of D. stramonium. The ultrasonic effect on G50 of C. arvensis was depended on ultrasonic power, where at low ultrasound powers the G50 of D. stramonium was similar to untreated seeds, while it was decreased at high ultrasound powers. Accordingly, ultrasound was not a suitable method to break seed dormancy of D. stramonium and C. arvensis. As the best treatments, the natural chilling and mechanical scarification increased Gmax of D. stramonium and C. arvensis up to 49% and 38%, respectively.
mousavi seyyed mehdi; Heshmat Omidi; seyyed esmaeil mousavi
Abstract
To study of the effect of biological pre-treatments on germination and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seedling under natural salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in three replications. Experimental treatments were biological pre-treated ...
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To study of the effect of biological pre-treatments on germination and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seedling under natural salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in three replications. Experimental treatments were biological pre-treated at four levels (control, inoculation with Azoto bio-fertilizer, inoculation with Phosphate bio-fertilizer, inoculation with both bio-fertilizers) and natural salinity (salt of Qom Lake) at five levels (zero, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS/m).The results showed that increasing of salinity levels led to increasing of mean germination time and using of bio-fertilizer treatments and combination treatment caused this index show 22 percentages reduction at highest level of salinity compared to control treatment at same level of salinity. Salinity reduced the germination coefficient and the highest amount of this index (74.3) obtained at 3 dS/m level of salinity that compared to control treatment and at the same level of salinity showed 89 percentages increasing. Salinity reduced total chlorophyll and using of biological treatments caused amount of total chlorophyll at zero level of salinity show 155 percentages increasing compared to control treatment and at the same level of salinity. With increasing of salinity level increased soluble protein and combination treatment increased this index 12 percentages at the highest level of salinity compared to control. Under stress, plants face with oxidative stress and to confront of that use antioxidant enzymes. In this experiment, the using of biological treatments by raising of the production of antioxidant enzymes caused the reduction of salinity effects.
Mahboubeh Hajiabbasi; Reza Tavakkol afshari; A.R. Abbasi; Reza Kamaei
Abstract
Glycine max is an important oilseed crop in all of the world. One of the problems of the G. max production is seed deterioration during seed storage, resulting in low germination and vigor before planting. In order to investigate the effects of ethylene and salicylic acid on the improvement of deteriorated ...
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Glycine max is an important oilseed crop in all of the world. One of the problems of the G. max production is seed deterioration during seed storage, resulting in low germination and vigor before planting. In order to investigate the effects of ethylene and salicylic acid on the improvement of deteriorated soybean seed, accelerated aging tests were conducted for 0, 6 and 10 days and natural aging test for 6 months. After the aging conditions, seeds were imbibed by 50 mM salicylic acid and 10 mM ACC (precursor of ethylene) for 6 hours at 25 °C. Also, a batch of the seed was used after the natural and accelerated aging tests without any hormonal treatment as a control (called dry seeds). Germination percentage, electrical conductivity and gene expression of AMY1, BMY1 were investigated in the dry seed, imbibition of water, salicylic acid and ACC at 6, 12 hours by the qRT-PCR method. The seed germination decreased and electrical conductivity increased with the progress of the aging. Gene expression varied in different days and hours. Salicylic acid and ACC had different effects on measured traits. The highest germination rate was observed in non-aged dry seeds (95%). On the other hand, ACC and salicylic acid failed to change seed germination of 10-day aged seeds. Moreover, the highest electrical conductivity (53 µScm-1gr-1) was in 10-day aged seeds affected by SA. The expression of AMY1 and BMY1 genes increased coincide with the age levels. Salicylic acid reduced the expression of AMY1 in non-aged seed, implicated that salicylic acid works as a stress factor in non-aged seeds. The expression of AMY1 gene in the non-aged seeds was 1.8, while it was 3.3 in 10-aged seed. Overall, aging caused disturbing of seed physiology and salicylic acid and ACC were not able to improve germination of deteriorated soybean seed
