Document Type : Original Article
Abstract
To study the influence of different priming methods (hardening, hydrothermal, hydro priming, KCl2, CaNO3, NaCl, KNO3 and control) and duration of priming (3 and 6 h) on seedling characteristics and germinationindices of Althaea Officinalis L. seeds, two laboratory and pot experiments carried out separately factorial arrangements based on a completely randomized design in the Agricultural faculty of Urmia University. Analysis of variance showedthat there were significant differences between priming methods, durations of priming and their interactions in respect of all traits. The seed priming methods as compared with control improved seedling and germination indices by 3 to 8 fold.On the other hand, it was confirmed that all of germination parameters improved along with increasing the duration of priming. Finally, it was found that CaNO3 priming for 3 and 6 hours had the mostpositive effects on the seedling and germination indices. Therefore, this priming can be used to prepare Althaea Officinalis seeds for planting.
Keywords
Batooli, H. 2002. Medicinal industrial and aromatic plants of Kashan, National Symposium of Medicinal
Plants. Kashan Research Center of agriculture, Natural Sources, arid area and desert; 88-89.
Dashti, M., M. Shirdel and H. Zarif Ketabi, 2007. Effect of water and salty stresses on germination and
seedling growth characteristics of Althaea officinalis L. Medecinal Plant Conf., 3th. Shahed UniversityIRAN.
Demir Kaya, M., O. Gamze, M. Atak, Y. Çikili and O. Kolsarici, 2006. Seed treatment to overcome salt
and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur. Journal Agronomy. 24: 291-
295.
Farooq, M., S.M.A. Basra, E.A. Warraich and A. Khaliq, 2006. Optimization of hydropriming techniques
for rice seed invigoration. Seed Science and Technol. 34: 529-534.
Giri, G.S. and W.F. Schilinger, 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence, and yield.
Crop Sci. 43: 2135-2141.
Guzman, M., and J. Olave, 2004. Effects of N-form and saline priming on germination and vegetative
growth of Galia-type melon (cucumis melon. cv. primal) under salinity. Acta Hort. (ISHS). 659:253-260.
Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, depth and data of sowing on the emergence
and early growth of sorghum bicolor L. Moench in semi-arid Botswana. Soil Tillage Research. 40: 73-88.
Harris, D., A.K. Pathan, P. Gothkar, A. Joshi, W. Chivasa and P. Nyamudeze, 2001. On-farm seed
priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural Systems. 69:151-
164.
Hartman, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davis and R.L. Geneve, 2007. Plant Propagation Principles and
Practices (7th Ed). Prentice Hall Press. 880 p.
Iqbal, M., M. Ashraf, A. Jamil and S. Rehman, 2006. Does seed priming induce changes in the levels of
some endogenous plant hormones in hexaploid wheat plants under salt stress? Journal of Integrative Plant
Biology. 48(2):181-189.
ISTA. 2009. ISTA Rules. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich, Switzerland. 47 pp.
Kardosova, A., and E. Machova, 2006. Antioxidant activity of medicinal plant polysaccharides. Fitoterapia J.
77(5): 367-73.
Kaur, S., A.K. Gupta and N. Kaur, 2002. Effect of osmo-and hydropriming of chickpea seeds on the
performance of crop in the field. Int. Chickpea Pigeonpea Newslett. 9: 15-17.
Kaur, S., A.K. Gupta and N. Kaur, 2005. Seed priming increase crop yield possibly by modulating
enzymes of sucrose metabolism in chickpea. J. Agron.Crop Science. 191: 81-87.
Lotfi, M., E. Aliabadi, A. Rezvani and R. Amiri, 2011. Effect of seed priming with different materials and
osmotic potentials on germination of melon. Journal of Crops Improvement. 13(1): 65-74.
Matthews, S., and M. Khajeh-Hosseini, 2007. Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair
explain vigor differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays L.). Seed Science Technology. 35: 200-212.
Mumtaz Khan, M., M. Qasim, M. Javid Iqbal, A. Naeem and M. Abbas, 2003. Effect of seed
humidification on germinability, vigor and leakages in Cockscomb (Celosia avgentea L. Var. cristata).
International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 5:499-503.
Nascimento, W.M. 2003. Muskmelon seed germination and seedling development in response to seed
priming. Scientica Agricola. 60: 71-75.
Pakravan, M., H. Abedinzadeh and J. Safaeepur, 2007. Comparative studies of mucilage cells in different
organs in some species of Malva, Althaea and Alcea. Pak J Biol Sci. 10(15): 2603-2615.
Paykarestan, B., M. Seify, M. Anajafi and S. Chavoshi, 2012. Effect of mint essence and ultraviolet on
thyme and hock seed germination. New findings in agriculture Journal. 6(3): 215-220.
Pill, W.G. and A.D. Necker. 2001. The effects of seed treatments on germination and establishment of
Kentucky bluegrass. Seed Sci. Technol. 29: 65-72.
Satvir, K., A.K. Gupta and K. Narinder, 2003. Priming of chickpea seeds with water and Mannitol
overcomes the effect of salt stress on seedling growth. ICPN, 10: 18-20.
Shirokava, O.K. 2007. Fitochitodetherapy the bronchial asthma at children. The international congress.
Euromedica Hanover. 1-2.
Sutovska, M., G. Nosalova, J. Sutovsky, S. Franova, L. Prisenznakova and P. Capek, 2009. Possible
mechanisms of dose-dependent cough suppressive effect of Althea officinalis rhamnogalacturonan in guinea
pigs test system. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 45(1): 27-32.
Sutovska, M., G. Nosalova, S. Franova and A. Kardosova, 2007. The antitussive activity of
polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis L. var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L. var. Herkules and Prunus persica
L. Batsch. Bratisl Lek Listy. 108(2): 93-9.
Throneberry, G.O. and F.G. Smith. 1955. Relation of respiratory enzymatic activity to corn seed viability.
Plant physiol. 30: 337-343.
Vashisth, A., and S. Nagarajan, 2010. Effect on germination and early growth characteristics in sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) seeds exposed to static magnetic field. Journal Plant Physiology. 167: 149-156.
Verma, S.K., G.C. Bjpai, S.K. Tewari and J. Singh, 2005. Seedling index and yield as influenced by seed
size in pigeon pea. Legume Research. 28(2): 143-145.
Yazdani Biuki, R., and P. Rezvani Moghadam, 2012. Germination characteristics of marshmallow (althea
officinalis L.) As influenced by drought and salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(1): 1-
10.
Zare, S., A. Enayati, S.A. Musavi and M. Abbasi, 2008. Effect of osmo-priming on the germination
properties of Agrppyron desertrom. The first conference of Iranian seed sciences and technology.
Zargari, A. 1996. Medicinal Plant. University of Tehran Press. Fifth Edition. pP: 500-501.
)