Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Seed priming improves some properties of seedling. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and gibberellins on germination characteristics and changes of biochemically of sunflower seeds under accelerated aging, experimental design was factorial with complete randomized design as base design with 3 replications. The first factor was priming by salicylic acid and gibberellin, secondary factor was combinations 4 levels of aging (0, 2, 4 and 6 days of aging at 41°C). The results showed that the priming and aging effects on germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, vigor index, abnormal seedling percentage, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were significant, but on mean time to germination not significant. Results showed that, the highest germination characteristics were attained from priming by salicylic acid and gibberellins under non aged conditions. Also, seed priming increases enzyme activity.

Keywords

Afzal, I., Basra., S. Farooq M. and Nawaz, A. 2006 . Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by
hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Agric. Biol. 1: 23-37. Alivand, R., Tavakkol Afshari, R and Sharif-zadeh, F. 20102. The study of deterioration in oil seed crops
under different storage conditions. Msc. Thesis. University of Tehran, Iran. Ansari, O., and Sharif-Zadeh, F. 2013. Enzyme activity and germination characteristics improved with
treatments that extend vigor of primed Mountain Rye Seeds under ageing. Theo. Exper Plant. Physio. 25(3):
1-6. Ansari, O. Chogazardi, H.R. Sharifzadeh F. and Nazarli, H. 2012. Seed reserve utilization and seedling
growth of treated seeds of mountain rye (Seecale montanum) as affected by drought stress. Cres. Aro. Moldo. 2(150): 43-48. Ansari, O and Sharif Zadeh, F. 2012. Slow Moisture Content Reduction (SMCR) can improve some seed
germination indexes in primed seeds of Mountain Rye (Secale montanum) under accelerated aging
conditions. J. Seed Sci. Technol. 2(2): 68-76. (In Farsi). Ashraf, M and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Presowing seed treatment, a shot gun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advanc. Agro. 88: 223-271. Bailly, C., A., Benamar, Corbineau., F . and Come, D. 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Res. 10: 35ñ42. Basra, S.M.A., N. Ahmad, Khan, M.M. Iqbal N. and Cheema, M.A. 2003. Assessment of cotton seed
deterioration during accelerate. Seed Sci .Technol. 31: 531-540. Chen, J., Z. Cheng and Zhong, S. 2007. Effect of exogegenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2- Metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings lead stress. J. Environ. Sci. 19:44-49. Deluche, J.C and Baskin, C.C. 1973. Accelarated ageing techniques for predicting the relative storability of
seed lots. Seed Sci. Technol. 1: 427-452. Demir Kaya, M., O. Gamze, M. Atak, «ikili Y. and Kolsarici, O. 2006. Seed treatment to overcome salt
and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur. J. Agronom. 24: 291-295. Hendry, G.A.F. 1993. Oxygen, free radical processes and seed longevity. Seed Sci. Res. 3: 141-153. Anomymous, 2010. International rules, for seed testing. Seed Sci. Tech.13:299-513. Janda, T., Szalai, G. Tari I.and Paldi, E. 1999. Hydroponic treatment with salicylic acid decreases the
effects of chilling injury in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Planta. 208: 175-180. Jin, S., Chen C.C.S. and Plant, A.L. 2000. Regulation by ABA of osmotic stress-induced changes in
protein synthesis in tomato roots. Plant Cell. Cel Environ. 23: 51-60. Johnson, L.B and Cunningham, B.A. 1972. Peroxidase activity in healthy and leaf-rustinfected wheat
leaves. Phytochem. 11: 547ñ551. Kapoor, N., Arya, A. Siddiqui, M.A. Amir A. and Kumar, H. 2010. Seed deterioration in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under accelerated aging. Asian. J Plant. Sci. 9:158-162. Macdonald, C.M., Floyd C.D. and Waniska, R.D. 2004. Effect of accelerated aging on mazie, Sorghun and
sorghum. J. Cereal Sci. 39: 351- 301. McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 27:177- 237. Maurmicale, G and Cavallaro, V. 1996. Effect of seed osmopriming on germination of three herbage
grasses at low temperatures. Seed Sci. Technol. 24: 331-338.
 Mohsen Naseb, F., Sharafi Zadeh M. and Seiadat, A. 2010. Study the effect of aging acceleration test on
germination and seedling growth of cultivars of wheat in vitro conditions. J. Crop Plant. Physio. 2(7): 59- 70. (In Farsi)
Moradi, A and Younesi, O. 2009. Effects of Osmo- and Hydro-priming on Seed Parameters of Grain
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Aus. J Basic. Apply. Sci: 3: 1696-1700. Murungu, F.S., Nyamugafata, P. Chiduza, C. Clark L.J. and Whalley, W.R. 2003. Effects of seed
priming aggregate size and soil matric potential on emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize
(Zea mays L.). Soil. Till. Res. 74: 161- 168. Nicholas, M.A and Heydecker, W. 1968. Two approaches to the study of germination data. Proc. Int. Seed
Test. Ase. 33: 531-540. Rastegar, Z. Sedghi M. and Khomari, S. 2011. Effects of accelerated aging on soybean seed germination
indexes at laboratory conditions. Not. Sci. Biol. 3:126-129. Seiadat, S.A., Moosavi A. and Sharafizadeh, M. 2012. Effect of seed priming on antioxidant activity and
germination characteristics of maize seeds under different aging treatments. Res. J. Seed. Sci. 5: 51-62. Sung, J.M., and Jeng, T.L. 1994. Lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzymes associted with
accelerated aging of peanut seed. Physio. Plant. 91: 51-55. Yao, Z., Liu, L. Gao F. and Rampitschi, C. 2012. Development and seed aging mediated regulation of
antioxidative genes and differential expression of proteins during pre and post-germinative phases in pea. J. Plant. Physio. 169: 1477-1488.