Document Type : Original Article
Abstract
Investigating the effect of seed priming in yield and yield components of Williams soybean cultivar under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design of split-plot. The experiment was repeated four replicant and it took place at the experimental station of Islamic Azad university of Shahr-e-Ray. The main plots consisted of two treatments (that is, irrigation after 50 and 100 mm evaporation from pan evaporation was the optimum condition and drought stress) and subplot that include the five durations of priming seed ( that is, four times of soaking and drying the seeds for 2,4,6 and 8 hours in the shade without any primings ). A completely randomized design was conducted under laboratory environment with four replications. Priming seeds showed improvement percentage and germination rate under laboratory environment. As was observed in seed germination, seeds were soaked and dried each, for 4 hours with the average of 95/66 percent, had the highest percentage of germination. The lowest germination time was the 4 times soaking and drying seeds in 6 hours each, in shade in 1/29 days. The results showed that it decreased the drought stress, performance, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight and harvest index. Priming seed in both irrigation and drought stress caused an improvement in seed yield, seed weight and harvest index. The highest seed yield was gained with four hours retrofitting and in the absence of stress with an average of 4012 kg per hectare. Also under the drought stress condition, priming caused yield improvements through growth and yield related traits. Accordingly Therefore priming in such environment had significantly better results in 4 hours and as a result of drought stress led to the highest seed yield of 2883 kg per hectare. Consequently the treatment of priming seed can be treated as a way of increasing the soybean seed yield in the different moisture conditions.
Keywords
treat germination seed soybean cultivar JK.1th congeress seed science and technology iran. Gorgan.
University of agronomy and natural resource science.
Abutalebian, M. A., Sharifzade, F., Jahansuz, M.R., Ahmadi, A. and naghavi, M. 2008. Efect of seed
priming of wheat cultivar of three iran hemisphere on germination, seedling stablishment and yield. Journal
of Plant Agronomy science of Iran. 39:1, 145-154.
Ajouri, A., Haben, A. and Becker, M. 2004. "Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of
barley under conditions of P and Zn deficiency"J. of Plant.Nutri.and Soil. SCI. 167: 630-636.
Alavi, F., Radmanesh, Masjedi, F., Shukuhfar. A. 2008. Determination suitable irrigation rate of maize at
Ahvaz township. Second international congers management trellis and drainage, Shahid Chamran university
of Ahvaz.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M. R. (2007). “ Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic
stress resistance”. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59: 206: 216.
Bakht, J., Shah, R., Shafi, M. & Amankhan, M. 2010. "Effect of various priming sources on yield and
yield components of maize cultivars".Pakistan Journal Botany, 42(6): 4123-4131.
Basra, A. M. S., Pannu, I. A. and Afzal, I. 2003."Evaluation of Seedling Vigor of Hydro and Matriprimed
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds"Inter. J. of Agric. & Biol. 2–121–123.
Costa, J. O., Ferreira,L. G. R. & Souza,F. D. E. 1988.”Yield of maize under different levels of water stress
“. Field Crop.91,183.
Daneshian, J. Nourmohammadi, Gh., and Jonoubi, P. 2002. Evaluatation of yield the model difference
and grain yield components of soybean under drought stress condition. Abstracts the 7th Iranian Congress of
Crop Science 4-7 Sep. 2002. Karaj. Iran (In Persian).
Daneshian, J., Hadi, h., Jonubi, P. 2009. Evaluation Quantitiy an quality of soybeans genotype properties
at drought stress condition. Journal Agronomy Science Of Iran.11:4, 393-409.
Daneshian, j., Nurmohammadi, gh., jonubi, P. 2002. Evaluation reaction soybean to drought stress and
amount different phospur.7th congeres of agronomy and plant breeding of iran. Karaj. SPCRI. 435-440
Demir Kaya, M., Okçu, G., Atak, M., Çikili, Y. and Kolsarici, Ö. 2006. "Seed treatment to overcome salt
and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)". Eur. J. Agronomy. 24, 291-295.
Duman, I. (2006). "Effect of seed priming with PEG and K3PO4 on germination and seedling growth in
Lettuce". Pak Journal. of Biology. Scieanc. 9(5): 923-928.
Ehdaee, B. 1994. Selection for tolerance to drought in wheat.1th congeres of agronomy and plant breeding
iran. University of pardise karaj.
Fardad,H. and Golkar, A. 2002. Analysis economical deficit irrigation of wheat at karaj condition. Journal
of Agronomy Science Iran. 33;2, 305-312.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Warraich, E.A. and Khaliq, A. 2006 b. "Optimization of hydropriming
techniques for rice seed invigoration". Seed Sci. Technol. 34: 529- 534.
Fathi, Gh, A. 1999. Growth and Plant nutrient crop(translation). Jehad daneshgahi mashhad. 372page.
Gurmu, M. Naylor, R. E. L. 1991. Effects of low water potential on germination of two sorghum cultivars.
Seed SCI. Technol. 19: 373-383.
Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P. and Sodhi, P. S. 1999. "On-farm seed priming in semi-arid
agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods".
Exp. Agric. 35: 15–29.
Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P. and Sodhi, P. S. 1999. "On-farm seed priming in semi-arid
agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods".
Exp. Agric. 35: 15–29.
Harris, D., Pathan, A. K., Gothkar, P., Joshi, A., Chivasa, W. and Nyamudeza, P. 2001. "On-farm seed
priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology". Agric. Syst. 69: 151-164.
Harris, D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P. A., Jasi, L. and Riches, C. 2002. "Prospects of improving maize
yields with ‘on-farm’ seed priming". In: CIMMYT, pp. 180–185.
Harris, D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P. A., Jasi, L. and Riches, C. 2002. "Prospects of improving maize
yields with ‘on-farm’ seed priming". In: CIMMYT, pp. 180–185.
Kargar, M. A., Ghanadha, M, R., Bozorgipour, R,. Atari, kh. A., babaii, h.r. 2004. Evaluation tolerance
to dorugh stress index on soybean genotype on moderate irrigation condition. 35, 1:129-142.
Kaur, S., Gulpata, A. K. and Kaur, N. 2002. "Effect of osmo and hydro priming of chickpea seeds on
seedling growth and carbohydrate metabolism under water deficit stress". Plant Growth Reg. 37: 17–22,
2002. 17.
Kaur, S., Gupta, A. K. and Kaur, N. 2005. "Seed priming increase crop yield possibly by modulating
enzymes of sucrose metabolism in chickpea". Journal.Agronomy.Crop Science. 191: 81-87.
Khazraii, Z. 2003. Evalutaion Murungu, F. S., Chiduza, C., Nyamagafata, P., Clark, L. J., Whalley, W. R.
and Finch-savage, W. E. 2004 "Effects of on-farm seed priming on consecutive daily sowing occasion on the
emergence and growth of maize in semi – arid Zimbabwe". Field Crops Res. 89. 42-57.
Pandey, R. K., Herrera, W. A. T. Villegas, A. N., and Pendleton, J. W. 1984. Drought response ofgrain
legumes under irrigation gradient: III. Plant growth.Agron. J. 76: 557-560.
Ram Seure, E. L. Wallace, S. U., and Quiseberry, V. L. 1984. Distribution pattern of yield components in
Braxon soybeans.Agron. J. 76:493-497.
Rashid, A., Harris, D., Hollington, P. A. and Khattak, R.A. 2002. "On-farm seed priming; a key
technology for improving the livelihood of resource poor farmers on saline lands. Center for Arid Zone
Studies", University of Wales, UK.
Rosales-Serna, R., Kohashi-Shibata, J., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., Trejo-L?pez, C., Ortiz-Rowse, H. R.
2004. "Drumpriming – a non.osmotic method of priming seeds". Seed Sci. Technol. 24, 281–294.
Sinclair TR. 1990. “Relative sensitivity of grain yield and biomass accumulation to drought in field-grown
maize”. Crop Science 30, 690–693.
Singh, P. (1991). “Influence of water-deficits on phenology, growth and dry matter allocation in chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.)”. Field Crops Research, 28, 1-5.
Siosemarde, A., Ahmadi, A., Pustini, k and Ebrahimzade, H. 2004. Stomata and nonstomata agent
photosynthesis controller and relationship’s to drought stress in wheat cultivar. 35:93-106.
Soltani, A. 2007. Correlation of water and soil and plant. Propagation of Jehad Daneshgahi Mashhad. 246
pages.
Soltani, A., Miri, A. a., Ghaderi far, F. (2009). Effect of seed hardening on emregnece and yield of cotton
at different date of culture. Plant research and production (Agronomy Science and Natural resource).16:3,
163-174.
Tajbakhsh, M., Brown, P. H., Gracie, C., Sourr, J., Donovan, N. and Clark, R. j. (2004).“Mitigation of
stunted root abnormality in onion (Allium cepa L.)using seed priming trestments” . Seed SCI. Technol. 32:
683-692.
Takkar, P.N., Walker CD. 1993. "The distribution and correction of zinc deficiency. In: Robson AD (ed)
Zinc in soils and plants". Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 151–165.
Yahyaee, GH,R. 2007. Effect of irrigation Regime on yield and component yield determinate cultivar and
indeterminate growth. Juoranal of Agronomy and Natural Resource Science. 4;5,124-134.
Yarnia, M., Ahmadzade, V., Farajzade, E. and Nobari , N. 2008. Effect of priming and seed size and
treatment with juice weed tomentolus on germination and growth of soybean. 1th congers seed science and
technology iran.Gorgan.
)