Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abstract

To determine the specific temperature of Medicinal Cannabis sativa, the effects of different temperatures on germination, in a laboratory study in a completely randomized design with three replications were studied. Germination response assessment at constant temperatures (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45ºC) was conducted. The germinated seeds were counted every day and the rate of germination percentage, cumulative germination and cardinal temperatures diagram of Cannabis sativa seed germination based on 3 regression model including segmented model, Beta model and Dent like model. The results showed that the temperature increase of 3 to 25°C significantly increases the germination rate, while the germination rate did not differ at 25 to 40°C. Also with increasing temperature over 25°C, germination was reduced. Dent like model such as higher accuracy in determining the cardinal temperatures hemp seed germination was compared with other models, Base, optimum and maximum temperature of seed germination of Cannabis sativa based on Dent like model was determined 1, 26-39.3 and 48°C respectively.

Keywords

Adam, N. R., D. A. Dierig., T. A. Coffelt., M. J. Wintermeyer., B. E. Mackey., and G. W. Wall. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination and early growth of two Lesquerella species. Indus. Crops and Products, 25: 24- 33.
Al-Ahmadi, M.J., and M. Kafi. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia (L.). J. Arid Environ., 68(2), 308-314. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Alvarado, V., and K. Bradford. 2002. A hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant, Cell & Environ., 25(8), 1061-1069.
Baskin, C.C., and J.M. Baskin. 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Elsevier.
Bradford, K.J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci, 50(2), 248-260.
Brindle, M., and K. Jensen. 2005. Effect of temperature on dormancy and germination of Eupatorium L. achenes. Seed Sci Res, 15: 143-151.
Brudvig, L.A., and H. Asbjornsen. 2009. Dynamics and determinants of Quercus alba seedling success following savanna encroachment and restoration. Forest eco and manage, 257(3), 876-884.
Canter, P.H.,H.Thomas., and E. Ernst. 2005. Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: opportunities and challenges for biotechnology. TRENDS in Biotechnol, 23(4), 180-185.
Castro, J., R.Zamora., J.A. Hodar., and J.Gómez. 2005. Ecology of seed germination of Pinus sylvestris L. at its southern, Mediterranean distribution range. Forest Syst, 14(2), 143-152.
Colbach, N., B Chauvel., C. Dürr., and G. Richard. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions on Alopecurus myosuroides germination. I. Effect of temperature and light. Weed Res, 42(3), 210-221.
Croxford, J.L., and T. Yamamura. 2005. Cannabinoids and the immune system: potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. J. neuroimmunology, 166(1), 3-18.
Dullinger, S., T. Dirnböck., and G. Grabherr. 2004. Modelling climate change‐driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility. J. ecol, 92(2), 241-252.
Flores, J., and O. Briones. 2001. Plant life-form and germination in a Mexican inter-tropical desert: effects of soil water potential and temperature. J. Arid Environ, 47(4), 485-497.
Guzman, M. 2003. Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents. Nature Reviews Cancer, 3(10), 745-755.
Hardegree, S.P. 2006. Predicting germination response to temperature. I. Cardinal-temperature models and subpopulation-specific regression. Ann of Bot, 97(6), 1115-1125.
Hejazi, A. 1994. Seed technology. Publ Univ of Tehran. 441pp.
Heydecker, W. 1977. Stress and seed germination: an agronomic view. Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination.
Howlett, A.C., C.S. Breivogel., S.R. Childers., S.A. Deadwyler., R.E. Hampson., And L.J. Porrino. 2004. Cannabinoid physiology and pharmacology: 30 years of progress. Neuropharmacology, 47, 345-358.
Jame, Y., and H. Cutforth. 2004. Simulating the effects of temperature and seeding depth on germination and emergence of spring wheat. Agric and Forest Meteorol, 124(3), 207-218.
Kader, M., and S. Jutzi. 2004. Effects of thermal and salt treatments during imbibition on germination and seedling growth of sorghum at 42/19 C. ..f Agron and Crop Sci, 190(1), 35-38.
Leizer, C., D. Ribnicky., A. Poulev., S. Dushenkov., I. Raskin. 2000. The composition of hemp seed oil and its potential as an important source of nutrition. J. Nutraceuticals Functional and Medical Foods, 2(4), 35-54.
Nadjafi, F., L.Tabrizi., J. Shabahang., and A.M. Damghani. 2009. Cardinal germination temperatures of some medicinal plant species. Seed Technol, 156-163.
Olivier, F., J. Annandale. 1998. Thermal time requirements for the development of green pea (Pisum sativum L.). Field Crops Res, 56(3), 301-307.
Poortosi, N., M. Rashed Mohasel., and I. Izadi Darbandi. 2007. Determine the cardinal temperatures germination of (Portulaca oleracea, Portulaca oleracea and Digitaria sangunalis). Journal of Agricultural Research. 6: 255-261. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Pourreza, J., Bahrani, A. 2012. Estimating cardinal temperatures of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed germination. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci, 12, 1485-1489.
Shafii, B., Price, W.J. 2001. Estimation of cardinal temperatures in germination data analysis. J. Agric, biol, and environ statistics, 6(3), 356-366.
Tabrizi, L., M. Nasiri Mahalati., and A. Kochaki. 2004. Investigations on the cardinal temperatures for germination of Plantago ovata and Plantago psyllium. J. Agric Res. 2: 143-151. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Yoshimatsu, K., O. Iida., T. Kitazawa., T. Sekine., M. Kojoma., Y. Makino., and F. Kiuchi. 2004. Growth characteristics of Cannabis sativa L. cultivated in a phytotron and in the field. Bull on Nat Inst of Health Sci, 122, 16-20.