Optimal condition determination for Ajwain (Carum capticum) standard germination test

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 SPCRI

2 seed and plant certification and registration institute of Iran

3 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran

4 Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Randomized factorial design was implemented in four replications to determine optimal methods of Ajwain (Carum capticum) standard seeds germination. Ajwain seeds were placed top and between paper and sand exposed to two potassium nitrate (two grams per 1000 ml distilled water) and pre-chilling (seven days under 7-10ºC) pre-treatments which were under six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 20-30, and 35ºC) in germinator for 25 days so as to germination indices were assessed. Ajwain seeds viability was estimated 75% after tetrazolium test. The highest final and normal seedling percentages were found under 15 and 20ºC in pre-chilling treatment and also 20ºC in potassium nitrate and control. No germination was observed under 35ºC in potassium nitrate and control, however, pre-chilling led to >26% germination. The higher germination potential was shown in top and between papers compared with sand. The lowest germination rate was recorded in control and potassium nitrate and the highest one in pre-chilling. The maximum of seedling weight vigor was suggested in top and between paper when seeds were put under 10, 15, and 20ºC. In order to evaluate optimal standard germination of Ajwain seeds, it was resulted that applying of two potassium nitrate and pre-chilling treatments placed top and between papers under 15 and 20ºC caused maximum of germination potential and seedling weight vigor.

Keywords

References

Abdel-Baki, G.K., M. Shaddad, D. Mostafa, and A-S. Rafat. 2018. The effect of seed presoaking with KNO3 on seed germination, proline, protein pattern, ß-amylase and mineral composition of two faba bean cultivars treated with NaCl. Egypt. J. Bot. 58: 445–461. DOI: 10.21608/ejbo.2018.3423.1166.
Afzali Group, S., N. Mehdinejad, H. Azad Ghojeh Biglou, and N. Salarnia. 2018. The effect of chilling and leaching in removing dormancy the seeds of Lovage (Levisticum officinale KOCH). J. Seed Res. 8: 60-68. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Aihua, L., J. Shunyuan, Y. Guang, L. Ying, G. Na, C. Tong, K. Liping, and H. Luqi. 2018. Molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release induced by fluridone compared with cold stratification in Notopterygium incisum. BMC Plant Biol. 18: 1-16. DOI:10.1186/s12870-018-1333-2.
Ali, M.M., T. Javed, R.P. Mauro, R. Shabbir, I. Afzal, and A.F. Yousef. 2020. Effect of seed priming with potassium nitrate on the performance of tomato. Agriculture.10(11): 1–10. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10110498.
Alizadeh, M.A., A.A. Hosienpoor Ghazvini, A. Jafari, and J. Daneshian. 2017. Effect of different treatment on removing seed dormancy to induction of seed emergence and vigor in some populations of four species of savory (Satureja spp.). Iranian J. Seed. Sci. Technol. 5: 223-233. DOI: 10.22034/ijsst.2017.108295. (In Persian)
Anonymous. 2022. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Associations.
Anonymous. 1983. Association of Official Seed Analysis AOSA. Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the handbook on Seed Testing.
Baskin, C.C. and J.M. Baskin. 2014. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination, 2nd ed. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego.
Bewley, J.D., K.J. Bradford, H.W.M. Hilhorst, and H. Nonagaki. 2013. Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy, 3th Edition. Springer. New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London, Switzerland.
Boskabady, M.H., S. Alitaneh, and A. Alavinezhad. 2014. Carum copticum L.: A Herbal Medicine with Various Pharmacological Effects. BioMed Res. Int. 569087: 1-11. DOI: 10.1155/2014/569087.
Chen, S.Y., S.H. Chou, C.C. Tsai, W.Y. Hsu, C.C. Baskin, J.M. Baskin, and L.L. Kuo-Huang. 2015. Effects of moist cold stratification on germination, plant growth regulators, metabolites and embryo ultrastructure in seeds of Acer morrisonense (Sapindaceae). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 94: 165-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.004.
Cortés-Fernández, I., M.D. Cerrato, A. Ribas-Serra. 2021. Evidence of interpopulation variation in the germination of Eryngium maritimum L. (Apiaceae). Plant Ecol. 222: 1101–1112. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-021-01164-y.
Ghaderi-Far, F. and A. Soltani. 2014. Seed testing and control. Publications of University of Mashhad, Mashahd, Iran. (In Persian)
Ghavam, M., Z. Soleimani Nejad, and A. Tavili, 2018. Dormancy breaking of (Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss) seed under the influence of different treatments. New Cell. Mol. Biotechnol. J. 8: 35-44. DOI: 20.1001.1.22285458.1397.8.30.4.9. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Gholami, M., A. Danesh Shahraki, E. Asadi, P. Tahmasbi, and H. Shirmardi. 2019. The effects of Pre-chilling and gibberellic acid on seed dormancy break, germination and plant growth Indices of Smyrnium cordifolium BOISS. J. Rangeland. 13(4): 571-583. DOR:20.1001.1.20080891.1398.13.4.4.1. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Hammami, H., B. Saadatian, and A. Aliverdi. 2018. Geographical variation in breaking the seed dormancy of Persian cumin (Carum carvi L.) ecotypes and their physiological responses to salinity and drought stresses. Ind. Crops. Prod. 124: 600-606. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.040.
Kamali, N. and A. Sadeghipour. 2016. Investigation on some dormancy breaking treatments on germination percentage and rate of seeds of (Bunium persicum). Watershed Manage. Res. 29: 24-32. DOI: 10.22092/WMEJ.2016.112318.
Keshtkar, H.R., H. Azarnivand, V. Etemad, and S.S. Moosavi. 2008. Seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of Ferula ovina and Ferula gummosa. Desert. 13(1): 45-51. DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2008.27174.
Moaaz Ali, M., T. Javed, R. Paolo Mauro, R. Shabbir, I. Afzal, and A. Fathy Yousef. 2020. Effect of seed priming with potassium nitrate on the performance of tomato. Agric. 10(11): 498. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10110498.
Nkomo, M. and L. Kambizi. 2009. ‏ Effects of pre-chilling and temperature on seed germination of Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae) (Jew’s Mallow), a wild leafy vegetable. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8(6): 1078-1081.
Nowruzian, A., M. Masoumian, M.A. Ebrahimi, and Gh.A. Bakhshi khaniki. 2017. Effect of Breaking Dormancy Treatments on Germination of Ferula assa foetida L. Seed. Iranian J. Seed Res. 2: 155-169. DOI: 10.29252/yujs.3.2.155. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Nurulla, M., C.C. Baskin, J.J. Lu, D.Y. Tan, and J.M. Baskin. 2014. Intermediate morpho-physiological dormancy allows for life-cycle diversity in the annual weed, Turgenia latifolia (Apiaceae). Aust. J. Bot. 62: 630–637. DOI: 10.1071/BT14281.
Orchard, T. 1977. Estimating the parameters of plant seedling emergence. Seed Sci. Technol. 5: 61-69.
Rahimi, H., B. Torabi, E. Soltani, and F. Ghaderi-Far. 2017. Investigation of the process of seed germination of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) during dormancy elimination. Weed Res J. 2: 15-30. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Raisi, A., S.N. Kalat, and A.S. Darban. 2013. The study effects of stratification, temperature and potassium nitrate on seed dormancy breaking Ferula assa foetida. World Appl. Sci. J. 23: 379-383. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.3.2785.
Rezazadeh, Z.B., and A. Koocheki. 2006. Evaluation of cardinal temperature for three species of medicinal plants, Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Dill (Anethum graveolens). Desert J. 11(2): 11-16. DOI: 10.22059/JDESERT.2006.31870.
Sasani, Sh., R. Tavakol-Afshari, K. Postini, and F. Sharifzadeh. 2006. Evaluation of the effect of moist-chilling, hormonal treatments and storage period on dormancy breaking and induction of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch seed germination. 9th Iranian Congress of Plant Science and Plant Breeding. 27 Aug. 2006. Tehran, Iran.
Zahin, M., I. Ahmad, and F. Aqil. 2010. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of Carum copticum fruit extracts. Toxicol in Vitro. 24(4): 1243–1249. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.004.
Zardari, S., F. Ghaderi-Far, H.R. Sadeghipour, E. Zeinali, E. Soltani, and C.C. Baskin. 2019. Deep and intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae). Plant Species Biol. 34: 85–94. DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12238.
Zhang, K., Y. Zhang, J.L. Walck, and J. Tao. 2019. Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Angelica keiskei (Apiaceae). Sci. Hortic. 255: 202–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.05.039.
Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 33
Spring of 2024
March 2024
Pages 1-13

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics