Elham Harati; Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi; Fatemeh Nakhaei; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami
Abstract
Seed germination is the first and most sensitive developmental stage in the plant life cycle and the key process in seedling emergence. On the other hand, one of the major barriers to optimum use of medicinal plants outside the natural habitat is limited level of seed germination and seed dormancy. Hence ...
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Seed germination is the first and most sensitive developmental stage in the plant life cycle and the key process in seedling emergence. On the other hand, one of the major barriers to optimum use of medicinal plants outside the natural habitat is limited level of seed germination and seed dormancy. Hence in order to find the best priming and temperature treatment to dormancy breaking and seed germination of medicinal plant seed Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with four replications and two factors was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch in 2017. The first factor of priming type is 11 levels included in potassium nitrate 2% treatment at two times of 24 and 48 hours, gibberellic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg/ l) at two times of 24 and 48 hours, and stratification (7, 14 and 21 days). The second factor was temperature at three levels (15, 20 and 25 °c). The results showed that highest germination rate and percent germination were related to stratification at 7 and 21 days at 25 °c and maximum seedling length, plumule length, radicle length, radicle/plumule length ratio, wet weight of seedling, dry weight of seedling, percent germination, germination rate, longitudinal index seed vigor, weight index seed vigor related to 21 days wet temperature and 15°c. Therefore, 21 days stratification and temperatures of 15 and 25 °c were the best priming and temperature treatments to dormancy breaking and seed germination of medicinal plant seed Pulicaria gnaphalodes.
F. Ghaderifar; Shahla Kheirkaman; Ebrahim Zeinali; Seyed Esmaeil Razavi; Morteza Gorzin
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of different fungicides on storage behavior of forage maize seeds, a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replicates was conducted in seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Treatments included ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of different fungicides on storage behavior of forage maize seeds, a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replicates was conducted in seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Treatments included fungicide (Teboconazole, Carboxin Tiram, Rovral TS, Difenoconazole and control), temperature (5˚C and 25˚C) and storage duration (12 months). Germination and cold tests were conducted to evaluate the seed quality. Also, the inhibitory effect of fungicides on the prevalence of Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., and Alternaria sp. pathogens was investigated during storage. In this study, germination percentage of stored seeds was constant in all treatments during storage period, but the results of cold test showed that the quality of maize seeds decreased with increasing storage duration at both 5 and 25°C temperatures after some time (depending on the type of fungicide). Also, all the used fungicides (Except for Difconazole and Rovral TS at 25˚C) maintained the vigor of maize seeds during storage. The Rovral TS fungicides were more effective in inhibiting the growth and development of fungal pathogens, but according to the results of cold test, two Carboxin Tiram and Teboconazole fungicides were better in maintaining the maize seed quality during storage.
ahmad zare; fatemeh deris; zahra karimi
Abstract
In order to response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) to environmental factors (temperature, drought and salinity), were conducted three separate experiments in 6 replicates in 2019 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Temperature treatments included ...
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In order to response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) to environmental factors (temperature, drought and salinity), were conducted three separate experiments in 6 replicates in 2019 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Temperature treatments included (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), drought stress (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa) and salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mM), respectively. The results of Temperature indicated that the highest germination percentage was at 25(94%), 20(93/33%) and 30 °C (92%). The lowest germination percentage was at 35 °C (22.66) and at 40 °C germination completely was inhibited. Based on the estimation of the logistic equation three parameters (x50), germination percentage and germination rate were reduced by 50% at -0.70 and -0.46 -MPa levels of drought stress, respectively. The salinity required to reduce by 50% were in germination percentage (182.35mM and germination rate (130.57mM). the knowledge of seed biology of yellow starthistle can help to manage emergence in the future.
vahid amiri monfared; Reza Tavakkol afshari; arash mamedi
Abstract
The prediction of seed viability is important for seed producers, and its prediction in storage depends on the understanding of the quantitative relationships between seed loss, seed moisture and storage temperature. In order to study the effect of temperature, seed and time on the deterioration of the ...
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The prediction of seed viability is important for seed producers, and its prediction in storage depends on the understanding of the quantitative relationships between seed loss, seed moisture and storage temperature. In order to study the effect of temperature, seed and time on the deterioration of the anise seed, and also quantitative characterization of this effect and determining the coefficients of life, this study was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial experiment in the Agricultural Laboratory of Tehran University. The temperature was measured at 4 levels (5, 15, 25 and 35 o C), soil moisture contents in 4 levels (5, 9, 13 and 17%) and six times (one, two, three, four, five and six months) as the factors were this test. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of temperature on seed moisture content was significant for germination indices at 1% level. With increasing temperature and humidity, germination declined over time. Life coefficients after six months of storage showed that survival curves can be plotted with a single source. Also, the results showed that by increasing the moisture content at any temperature, especially at higher temperatures, the life expectancy decreases with increasing moisture content. Using the life-time equation, the coefficients KE=4/21, CW =1-66, CH =0 038/0 and CQ =0,00039 were calculated.
saeed amini; Mohammad Hassan assarah; Abbas Dehshiri; Shahla Hashemi Fesharaki
Abstract
The main goal of seed storage is to maintain its quality from harvesting to sowing time. Among all factors, storage temperature and seed moisture content are the most important factors affecting seed longevity. This experiment was conducted at University of Tehran, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ...
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The main goal of seed storage is to maintain its quality from harvesting to sowing time. Among all factors, storage temperature and seed moisture content are the most important factors affecting seed longevity. This experiment was conducted at University of Tehran, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding during 1394 to determine the Ellis and Roberts deterioration model of Satureja hortensis seeds and introduce constants of viability equation. Seed viability and initial moisture content was measured and after that seeds were adjusted to 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13% moisture content and sealed hermetically in Nano packets. Storage temperatures were 10, 15, 20 and 25˚C. The interval of sampling depended on the storage conditions. Seed viability constants were estimated to predict seed longevity in this species and relationship between sigma and moisture content and temperatures was determined. After probit analysis, survival curves were depicted in each condition. Results showed that seeds with 5% moisture content stored at 10°C had the highest germination percentage, but seeds which were stored at 13% moisture content and 20 and 25°C had the highest deterioration rate. Estimates of KE, CW, CH and CQ were 4.31, 1.83, 0.031 and 0.0004, respectively. Also, the results showed that seed longevity decrease with increased seed moisture and temperature.
Abbas Hashemi; Reza Tavakkol afshari; Leila Tabrizi; Shiva Barooti
Abstract
Abstract1 Predicting seed viability would be extremely beneficial to seed producers and the prediction of seed viability depends on understanding the quantitative relationships between seed longevity, seed moisture content and storage temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed quality ...
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Abstract1 Predicting seed viability would be extremely beneficial to seed producers and the prediction of seed viability depends on understanding the quantitative relationships between seed longevity, seed moisture content and storage temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed quality of plantago ovata seed under various seed moisture content, temperature and storage time and quantify this effect and determine the coefficients of life. Seeds with various moisture contents (5, 9, 13, 17%) were kept under four temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45°C) for six months. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference for all main and interaction effects. High temperature along with higher moisture content resulted in more deterioration in seeds. coefficients of life after six months of storage using the equation viability was Calculated. estimates of KE = 6, CW = 3, CH = 0.06, CQ = 0.000023 were derived for prediction of storage length. end
Batool Mahdavi
Abstract
This study was conducted to study germination two species of vetch (Vicia sativa; Vicia pannonica) under temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and different water potentials (0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar) at the Vali Asr Rafsanjan University laboratory in completely randomized design ...
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This study was conducted to study germination two species of vetch (Vicia sativa; Vicia pannonica) under temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and different water potentials (0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar) at the Vali Asr Rafsanjan University laboratory in completely randomized design arranged as a factorial with four replications. The segmented function was evaluated to describe the relationship between germination rate and temperature. Results showed base temperature for germination of Vicia pannonica was -3.65 to 1.39, optimum temperature 23.99 to 25.57 and ceiling temperature 30 to 58.54 under different water potentials. The biological hours for germination of this specie were 32.29 to 74.97 hours under different water potentials. Also, base temperature for germination of Vicia sativa was -3.54 to 1.39, optimum temperature 22.70 to 25.64 and ceiling temperature 30 to 42.28 under different water potentials. The biological hour requirements for germination of this specie were between 33.10 to 83.54 hours under different water potentials. The results of germination rate in both species showed that with increasing water potential, germination rate decreased. In all of water potentials germination rate increased to 25°C and then decrease. Estimated parameters and the relations can be used to prediction time to germination or emergence in two species of vetch under different water potentials.
Esmaeil Yasari; Mousa Miri; Sadegh Atashi; mohsen jamali
Abstract
This study was evaluated the ability of a hydrothermal time model (HTT) to describe the kinetics of seed germination in crops and also to determine the cardinal temperatures for germination (as a case study; velvetleaf). For this purpose, the experiment was carried out at eight constant temperature regimes ...
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This study was evaluated the ability of a hydrothermal time model (HTT) to describe the kinetics of seed germination in crops and also to determine the cardinal temperatures for germination (as a case study; velvetleaf). For this purpose, the experiment was carried out at eight constant temperature regimes (T; 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40 and 42°C) at each of the following water potential (ψs; 0, –0.18, –0.36, –0.54 and –0.72 MPa; using PEG 6000). The results indicated that ψ influenced germination rate and germination percentage (P < 0.0001). For this seed lot, cardinal temperatures were 11.8°C for Tb, 35.4°C for To and 45.2°C for Tc in the control (0 MPa) treatment. There was a decrease in hydrotime constant (θH) when T was increased to To and then remained constant at supra-optimal Ts (24 MPa h-1). At the Ts above To, ψb(50) values increased linearly with T. The kT value (the slope of the relationship between ψb(50) and T exceeds To) of this seed lot was calculated as 0.1011 MPa°Ch-1. Moreover, the ψb(50) was estimated to be –0.91 MPa based on this model. Our results show that when the HTT model is applied, it can accurately describe germination response of velvetleaf around Ts and ψs.
R. Ostadian Bidgoly; H.R. Balouchi; E. Soltani; A. Moradi
Abstract
There is a little information about the effects of temperature and water potential on safflower. In order to study the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an experiment as combined analysis was conducted base on a completely ...
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There is a little information about the effects of temperature and water potential on safflower. In order to study the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an experiment as combined analysis was conducted base on a completely randomized design with 4 replications by 25 seeds in laboratory of seed technology at Yasouj University in 2015. The factors included temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 oC) and water potential (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, -1.2, -1.4 and -1.6 MPa). The percentage and rate of germination, root length, shoot length, ratio of root length to shoot length and seedling vigor index were measured in this experiment. The results of analysis of variance showed that main effects of temperature and water potential and interactions were significant on all indicators of germination at 1% probability level. Also, by decreased water potential, germination percentage and germination rate reduced. At 5 oC and at zero potential germination percentage was 98% while the potential of -1.6 MPa germination percentage dropped to zero. At 35 oC and at zero potential germination percentage was 95% while the using potential of -1.6 MPa germination percentage decreased to 1%. By increasing the temperature up to 20oC increasing germination percentage and germination rate detected and afterwards reduced.
S. Ghahremani; M. Sedghi; R. Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of seed deterioration on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in pumpkin seedlings a factorial experiment conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were three deterioration levels (control, 5 and ...
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In order to investigate the effects of seed deterioration on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in pumpkin seedlings a factorial experiment conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were three deterioration levels (control, 5 and 10 days deterioration at 45◦C and 95-100% relative humidity) and three germination temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C). Results showed that activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were the highest at 5 days aging and 25°C, and activity of peroxidase was the highest at non-aging and 25°C. Also, the highest amount of Malondialdehyde (7.1 mmol gr-1FW) observed in the seeds with 10 days deterioration and 15°C. The highest respiration index (0.018 mg) achieved in 5 days deterioration and 35°C and the lowest value (0.009 mg) was related to 10 days deterioration and 35°C. It seems that reduction in seed vigor under deterioration and high temperatures causes to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and leads to increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in order to face the related damages. Considering results obtained from germination and antioxidant enzymes activity the best temperature for germination of aged seeds of pumpkin was 15◦C.
H. Sadeghi; H Heidari Sharifabad; A. Hamidi; Gh. Nourmohammadi; H. Madani
Abstract
High temperature during seed set and seed filling can reduce yield and seed quality. In order to evaluate the effect of high temperature during planting date and also plant density on soybean seed quality, an experiment was conducted at two locations, namely, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration ...
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High temperature during seed set and seed filling can reduce yield and seed quality. In order to evaluate the effect of high temperature during planting date and also plant density on soybean seed quality, an experiment was conducted at two locations, namely, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute in Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resource Center of Moghan, in 2013. The studied factors were included planting date (5th of May, 5th of June and 5th of July), plant density (300, 400 and 500 thousand plant/ha) and soybean varieties (Williams and L17) were sown in the rate of 40 plants per m-2 at 5th May, 5th June and 5th July. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of standard germination test showed that in Moghan area, the highest normal seedling percentage (92.1%) was obtained at fifth of June and in Karaj area, it (96.2%) was gained at fifth of July. In addition, it was noticed that cv. L17 in Moghan and cv. Williams in Karaj had the highest normal seedling percentage. The results of accelerated aging test was cleared that the normal seedling percentage in karaj was more than Moghan area and it showed that the quality of seed that were produced in Karaj was better than Moghan area. There was no significant difference between areas in 300 and 400 thousand of plant/ha and in these both density, the result of Karaj was better than Moghan area, but there was significant difference between normal seedling percentage after accelerated aging test in Karaj (77.6%) and Moghan (58%) in 500 thousand plant/ha. The highest seedling vigor index (11.75) was obtained in 400 thousand plants/ha at fifth of July in Karaj area and the lowest rate of it (5.41) was observed in 300 thousand plants/ha at fifth of June in Karaj area.
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 53-60
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the mobilization of protein reserves of wheat cultivars and seedling traits a factorial experiment conducted based on a completely randomized design at seed technology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of Mohaghegh ...
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In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the mobilization of protein reserves of wheat cultivars and seedling traits a factorial experiment conducted based on a completely randomized design at seed technology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili with three replications. Treatments were three germination temperatures including 10, 20 and 30 ◦C and three wheat cultivars (Sardari, Finikan and MV17). Studied traits included germination percentage and rate, seedling dry weight, protease activity and protein content, respiration index and distribution of dry matter to seedling parts. Results showed that the highest germination percentage, rate and mean of germination time were related to 20 ◦C in all cultivars. The highest protein contentin in seed residual (8.7%) was observed in Sardari cultivar at 10 ◦C,but the lowest activity of protease (4.63 unit mg-1) was related to Finikan at this temperature. The highest amount of seed material lost as respiration (20.21) attained in MV17 cultivar at 30◦C. The highest seed reserves mobilization efficiency was related to Finikan and MV17 (1.23 and 1.2 respectively) at 20◦C. Seed dry matter distribution to radicle and plumule was different in cultivars and temperatures and the highest distribution to radicle (6.27%) and plumule (15.84%) were related to MV17 and Finikan cultivars, respectively at 20 ◦C. Seed protein reserves remobilization efficiency was the same in all cultivars at 20 ◦C, but MV17 at 10 ◦C and Finikan at 30 ◦C had the highest efficiency. In conclusion, higher germination percentage of MV17 at 20 ◦C can be related to the higher activity of protease
S. Baladi; H.R. Balouchi; A. Moradi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 107-122
Abstract
Storage conditions, especially high moisture storage and high temperature environments, greatly affect the quality of oil seeds. In order to investigate the effect of temperature, seed moisture content and storage time on the deterioration of flax seed oil a factorial experiment was conducted based on ...
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Storage conditions, especially high moisture storage and high temperature environments, greatly affect the quality of oil seeds. In order to investigate the effect of temperature, seed moisture content and storage time on the deterioration of flax seed oil a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the seed lab of Yasouj University. The factors included the temperature at four levels (15, 25, 35 and 45 °C), moisture content in 5 levels (initial moisture content, 5, 9, 13 and 17%) and six storage times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The results showed that germination and normal seedlings percentage, germination rate and vigor index reduced with increasing moisture content and during storage at each temperature level and with a combination of high temperature and moisture content this reduction was more severe. The lowest level of deterioration was in 5 °C with 5% moisture content that after 180 days storage, viability was reduced from 93 to 90 percent. Over time and with increasing moisture content, electrical conductivity also increased, and this increase was greater at high temperatures and seed lots with high electrical conductivity had low viability
Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 189-200
Abstract
In order to evaluate cardinal temperatures of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)germination an experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Plant Production College, Gorgan University Agricultural Science and natural resources. Seven temperatures in a completelyrandomized design with four replications ...
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In order to evaluate cardinal temperatures of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)germination an experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Plant Production College, Gorgan University Agricultural Science and natural resources. Seven temperatures in a completelyrandomized design with four replications was used. Temperatures were 5 to 35ºC by 5ºC intervals. The seeds with 2 mm radicles were counted as germinated seeds.The germination rate percentage and cumulative seed germination percentage were calculated for each given temperatures.Cardinal temperatures (T-base, T-optimum and T-ceiling), also, were estimated using eight non linear regression models. The effect of temperature on total germination percentage, time to 50% germination (D50) and germination rate based on 1/D50 and mean germination time inverse (1/MGT) was significant at 1% of probability level. Results indicated that by increasing temperature up to 15ºC germination increased and after that declined. Based on the highest R² and the lowest MAE and RMSE segmented model was determined as the superior model. Thus, Tb, To and Tc for D50 (time to %50 germination) were estimated as 2.75, 31.51 and 38 using segmented model.To calculate germinationrate 1/D50 index was better than 1/MGT due to higher regression coefficient and less RMSE.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 161-171
Abstract
In order to study germination characteristics of Tanacetum polycephalumin water and salinity stress conditions in different temperatures seven laboratories experimental were conducted. Temperatures regimes included 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45 °C. For each temperature, salinity and water stress was ...
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In order to study germination characteristics of Tanacetum polycephalumin water and salinity stress conditions in different temperatures seven laboratories experimental were conducted. Temperatures regimes included 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45 °C. For each temperature, salinity and water stress was used in seven osmotic potential (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) of NaCl and PEG, respectively. Results of each experimental showed that increasing water and salinity stress decreased germination rate, germination percentage, plumule and radicle length, significantly. In salinity stress, germination percentage in most temperatures except 20 and 25°C in -12 bar of NaCl reached to 0, but in drought stress in most temperatures except 20 and 25°C -10 of PEG reached to 0. The maximum of germination percentage and germination rate was abserved in 0 bar in 25°C. Also maximum toleraance to salinity and drought stress was -12 and 10 bar of NaCl and PEG in 25°C, respectively. Results showed that 25°C is optimum temperature for this plant and it tolerates salinity stress up to -12 bar and water stress up to -10 bar at this temperature
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 129-138
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of temperature and seed size onseed germination characteristics and initial seedling growthproperties of Salad burbent )Poterium sanguisorba(. For this purpose a factorial experiment in complete randomized block design with four replications was performed. ...
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This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of temperature and seed size onseed germination characteristics and initial seedling growthproperties of Salad burbent )Poterium sanguisorba(. For this purpose a factorial experiment in complete randomized block design with four replications was performed. Treatments included three levels of seed size, large 13.36 gr thousand carnal weight and diameter 6 mm, the average 6.43 gr a thousand carnal weight and diameter of 4.5 mm, and small 2.19 gr a thousand carnal weight and diameter of 3 mm. The two temperatures were 20 and 25ċ.The results showed that seed size and the different temperatures had significant effect on percentage of germination, seedling length and vigority.So that the temperature of 20ċ with smaller seed size, decreased speed and germination percentage, seedling length and vigority. In temperature of 25ċ with smaller seed size treatment, germination percentage, vigority and seedling length was reduced but the speed of germination did not show significant difference with large and medium size seeds. In large size, 25 ċ showed higher germination compared to 20 ċ, while in medium and small size seeds, germination of 20 ċ was more than 25 ċ. Vigority and germination rate increased whit increase in seed size.
