Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of quality yield characteristics and fatty acids composition on seed quality of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in a calcareous soil, a field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. A complete randomized block design was used based on factorial arrangement. In the field experiment, the fertilizer resources (vermicimpost (V) (10 ton ha-1) + Tiobacilus (T), Sulfur (S) (20 ton ha-1) + T, V+S+T and control) and three levels of P (0, 30 and 60 kg.ha-1) were the first and second experimental factors, respectively. Based on proximate analysis of black seeds, V+S+T had a highest significant effect on increasing crude protein, essential (volatile) oil and fixed oil, as compared to control treatment. The applying V+T, S+T and V+S+T had significant decreasing effects on linolenic acid (by 53, 42 and 63%, respectively), as compared to control. The highest linoleic acid (cis) was observed significantly by applying V+S+T. There was the highest significant relationship between linolenic acid and seed vigor (R2=0.69**). Based on our results, vermicompost, especially in combination with sulfur application treatment, can be suitable approach to increasing the fixed oil quality of black seed
Keywords
Adhami, E., M. Maftoun, A. Ronaghi, N. Karimian, J. Yasrebi and M. T. Assad. 2006. Inorganic phosphorus fractionation of highly calcareous soils of Iran. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 37: 1877–1888.
AI-Jassir, M. S. 1992. Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chem. 45: 239-242.
Akram Ghaderi, F., B. Kamkar and A. Soltani. 2011. Principles of Seed Science and Technology. (Translated) (In Persian). Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran, 512 pp.
Ali, B.H. and G. Blunden. 2003. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother. Res. 17, 299–305.
Alirezalu, K., B. Fathi-Achachlouei and F. Habibi-Nodeh. 2012. Effect of climatic factors on the oil content, physicochemical properties and fatty acids of castor oil. (In Persian, with English Abstract). J. Food Res. 22: 103-112.
Al-Kayssi, A. W., R. M. Shihab and S. H. Mustafa. 2011. Impact of soil water stress on Nigellone oil content of black cumin seeds grown in calcareous-gypsifereous soils. Agric. Water Manage. 100: 46– 57.
Altaf, A., V. Khan and M. Z. Abdin. 2000. Effect of sulfur fertilization on oil accumulation, acetyl-CoA concentration, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in the developing seeds of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) Aust. J. Agric. 51: 1023-1029.
Atta, M. B. 2003. Some characteristics of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) seed cultivated in Egypt and its lipid profile. Food Chem. 83: 63–68.
Cheikh-Rouhou, S., S. Besbes, B. Hentati, C. Blecker, C. Deroanne and H. Attia. 2007. Nigella sativa L.: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chem. 101: 673–681.
Doroudian, H. R., H. Besharati, A. R. Falah, H. Heidari Sharif Abad, F. Darvish and A. Alahverdi. 2010. The possible modification of absorbable phosphorus solubles in calcareus soils and its effects on yield production in corn. (In Persian, with English Abstract). J. New Agric. Sci. 18: 27-35.
Erkan, N., G. Ayranci and E. Ayranci. 2008. Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil, carnosic acid, rosmaric acid and sesamol. Food Chem. 110: 76-82.
Farhoosh, R., M. H. Haddad Khodaparast and A. Sharif. 2009. Bene hull oil as a highly stable and antioxidative vegetable oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 111:1259-1265.
Gao, J., K. D. Thelen, D.-H. Min, S. Smith, X. Hao and R. Gehl. 2014. Effects of manure and fertilizer applications on canola oil content and fatty acid composition. Agron. J. 102: 790-797
Ghaderi-Far, F. and A. Soltani. 2010. Seed Testing and Control. (In Persian). Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran, 200 pp.
Haratian, P., V. Ghodsian, A. Fouladkhah and V. ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi. 2013. Determination of fat content and fatty acid composition of danish pastries with emphasis on trans fatty acid. J. Food Sci. Technol. 10: 81-88.
ISTA. 2012. International Rules for Seed Testing. The International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Jrah Harzallah H., B. Kouidhi, G. Flamini, A. Bakhrouf and T. Mahjoub. 2011. Chemical composition, antimicrobial potential against cariogenic bacteria and cytotoxic activity of Tunisian Nigella sativa essential oil and thymoquinone. Food Chem. 129: 1469–1474.
Khajehpour, M. R. 2005. Industrial Crops. Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Isfahan Press, Isfahan, Iran, 564 pp.
Kokdil, G. and H. Yılmaz. 2005. Analysis of the fixed oils of the genus Nigella L. (Ranunculaceae) in Turkey. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 33: 1203-1209.
Lutterodt, H., M. Luther, M. Slavin, J. Yin, J. Parry, J. Gao and L. Yu. 2010. Fatty acid profile, thymoquinone content, oxidative stability, and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed black cumin seed oils. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 43: 1409-1413.
Modi, A.T. 2002. Wheat seed quality in response to molybdenum and phosphorus. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 2409–2419.
Mohamed, S. A., R. A. Medani and E. R. Khafaga. 2000. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus applications with or without micronutrients on black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Ann. Agric. Sci. 3: 1323-1338.
Nergiz, C. and S. Otles. 1993. Chemical composition of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Food Chem. 48: 259–261.
Nickavar, B., F. Mojab, K. Javidnia and M. A. Roodgar Amoli. 2003. Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z. Naturforsch, 58: 629-631.
Oomen, C., M. Ocke, E. Feskens, M. Erp-Baart, F. Kok and D. Kromhout. 2001. Association between trans fatty acid intake and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease in the Zutphen Elderly study: a prospective population-based study. Lancet. 357: 746-51.
Piras, A., A. Rosa, B. Marongiu, S. Porcedda, D. Falconieri, M.A. Dessi, B. Ozcelik and U. Koca. 2013. Chemical composition and in vitro bioactivity of the volatile and fixed oils of Nigella sativa L. extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Ind. Crops Prod. 46: 317– 323.
Ramadan, M. F. 2007. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): an overview. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 42: 1208–1218.
Salvagiotti, F., J. M. Castellarín, D. J. Miralles and H. M. Pedrol. 2009. Sulfur fertilization improves nitrogen use efficiency in wheat by increasing nitrogen uptake. Field Crops Res. 113: 170–177.
Sen, N., Y. Kar and Y. Tekeli. 2011. Antooxidant activities of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds cultivating in different regions of Turkey. J. Food Biochem. 34: 105–119.
Seyyedi, S.M., M. Khajeh Hossieni, P. Rezvani Moghaddam and H. Shahandeh. 2015. The improving seed physiological aspects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in calcareous soil: Seed phosphorus content affected by mother plant nutrition. Iran. J. Seed Sci. Technol. Accepted for Publication.
Shoghi-Kalkhoran, S., A. Ghalavand, S. A. M. Modarres-Sanavy, A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli and P. Akbari. 2013. Integrated fertilization systems enhance quality and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 15: 1343-1352.
Soltani, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zeinali and N. Latifi. 2002. Germination seed reserve utilization and growth of chickpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Sci. Technol. 30: 51-60.
Tuncturk, M., R. Tuncturk and B. Yildirim. 2011. The effects of varying phosphorus doses on yield and some yield components of black cumin(Nigella sativa L.).Adv. Environ. Biol. 5, 371–374.
)