Comparison of acid scarification, stratification and endocarp removal on seed germination of three olive cultivars

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Horticulture Department, Agricultural College, Islamic Azad Karaj Unit.

Abstract

Present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical scarification (Sulphuric acid 97% for 0, 3, 6 and 9 h at 25°C), removal of endocarp and cold stratification (0, 21 and 31 days at 10°C) treatments on percentage and rate of seed germination of olive cultivars (Koroneiki, Zard and Shenghe). A factorial experiment was used based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated that the chemical scarification treatments and removal endocarp followed by an adequate stratification period can increase seed germination significantly. The best results obtained by removal endocarp treatments. The highest germination percentage of cv. Koroneiki obtained after Cold stratification treatments for 21 days (up to 93%). The best result for cv. Shenghe and cv. Zard observed following Cold stratification treatments for 31 days (85.55% and 84.44 respectively). The highest germination percentage of cv. Koroneiki obtained after 97% sulfuric acid solution treatments for 6 h (49.67%). Treating seeds of this cultivar by 97% sulfuric acid for longer period resulted in damage to embryo and no seedlings emerged after these treatments. The best result for cv. Shenghe observed following 97% sulfuric acid treatment for 9 h (42.34%) cv. Zard observed following 97% sulfuric acid treatment for 6 h (40.23%). The least germination rate and percentage was observed in control treatments. Growth of olive seedlings also increased by scarification, removal endocarp Cold stratification treatments significantly. Results suggested that removal endocarp and chemical mechanical scarification treatments can improve germination percentage and seedling growth of olive cultivars.

Keywords

References

Aboutalebi,A., H. Hasanzada, and M. Hosseini Farahi, 2012. Effect of Various Treatments on Seed Germination Characteristics of Wild Ziziphus (Ziziphus spina-christi). World Appl. Sci. J. 17 (7): 900-904.
Abu-Qaoud, H. 2005. Germination of 'Arabequina' Olive Seeds as Affected by Chemical Scarification. Hot Water Treatment and Endosperm Tissue. J. Agric. Sci.  1 (1): 12-17.
Bandino, G., P. Sedda and M. Mulas. 1999. Germination of olive seeds as affected by chemical scarification, hot water dip, and gibberellic acid treatments. Acta Hortic. 474: 35-35.
Besnard, G., P. S. Green and A. Bervillé. 2002. The genus Olea: molecular approaches of its structure and relationships to other Oleaceae.  Acta Bot. Gall.149: 49-66.
Bnalis, G. J., C. Minas, C.Gregorios, A. Demoliou, and K. Htazopolouls.2003. Genetic diversity among accession of an ancient olive variety of Cyprus. Genome. 46(3):370-376.
Bubici, G., and M. Cirulli. 2011. Control of Verticillium wilt of olive by resistant rootstocks. Plant Soil. 352:363–376.
Fabbri, A., G. Bartolini, M.Lambardi and S. Kailis. 2004. Olive Propagation Manual.Csiro Publishing.
Hashemi Dezfoli, A., and Aghaalikhani, M. 1999. Seed dormancy and germination.
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies and R.L. Greeve. 2001. Principles and Practices of Plant Propagation. 6th Edn., Prentice Hall Publishers, London. Crop Sci. 30: 493– 500.
Heidari M., M. Rahemi and M.H. Daneshvar. 2008. Effect of mechanical, chemical scarification and stratification on seed germination of Prunus scoparia (Spach.) and Prunus webbi (Spach.) Vierh. Am.-Eurashian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3:114-117.
Imani, A. 2011. Reproduction and recognition of fruit trees. First volume. Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch.
Lagarda, A., G.C. Martin and V.S. Polite. 1983. Anatomical and morphological development of 'Manzanillo' olive seed in relation to germination. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 108: 741-743.
Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S.S., Z. Jamzad, A. Jalili and M. Nasiri, 2010. Study on dormancy breakage and and germination in three species of Howthorn (Crataegus aminii, C. Persica, C. babakhanloui). Iranian J. Forest Poplar Res. 17(4): 544-558.
Orinos, T.H., and K. Mitrakos, 1991. Rhizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calli from wild olive (Olea europaea L.) var. Sylvestris (Miller) Lehr, mature zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 27: 183-187.
Rostami A. A., and A. Shasavar. 2009. Effects of Seed Scarification on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Olive Seedlings. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 825-828.
Rugini, E., R.Biasi, M. Maganu, G. Aversa, F. Maggini, G.P.Martelli, E. Zamboni, G. Zuccherelli and M.Barba. 2001. Concentrated action for improving the quality of olive nursery production. Revista de Ciencias Agraria. 63:11-24.
Sadeghi, B. and A. Aboutalebi,2011. Comparison of the effect of chemical treatments, complete endocarp removal and cold stratification on olive seed germination. The 5th Nat. Conf. on New Ideas in Agriculture. Shiraz, Iran. 16-17 February 2011.
Shahi Gharahlar, A., Z.Zamani and A. Khdivi Khub. 2009. Effects of sulfuric acid and moist chilling on dormancy breaking of some subgenus Cerasus wild genotyps. Proceeding of 6th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Faculty of Agricultural Science, Gilan University, 12-15 July.
Voyiatzis, D.G., and T. Pratisa. 1994. The onset and disappearance of relative dormancy of olive embryos as affected by age. Acta Hortic. 356: 148-151.
Zeinanloo, A.A., A.A. Talaei, H. Ebrahimzadeh and M. Azimi.  2002. Study of pollination, compatibility and selection of the best pollinator for olive cultivars. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 33(4): 729-739.
Zohary, D., and P. Spiegel-Roy. 1975. Beginnings of fruit growing in the old world. Science, 187: 319-327.
Zuccherelli, G., and Uccherelli, S. 2002. In Vitro Propagation of Fifty Olive Cultivars Acta Hortic. 586:931-934.
Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 18
September 2020
Pages 119-132

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics