Effect of nitrogen nutrition and cytokinin spraying on germination components of wheat seed production in terminal heat stress condition

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan-Faculty of agriculture-Department of Plant Production and Genetics

2 university of Zabol,Collage of Agriculture,Department of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Zabol., Iran

3 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

Abstract

In order to study germination characteristics of wheat seeds Chamran cultivar of wheat obtained from Plant that treated with different levels of nitrogen and spraying cytokinin under heat stress conditions, this research carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete design with four replications at seed technology laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. In both conditions Normal (optimum planting date) and Terminal heat stress (late planting date), nitrogen (N) was in four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg.ha-1) and cytokinin (Ck) was in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM). The results showed the simple effects of N fertilizer on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl and radicle dry weight, weight vigor index, FMOB, SRUE and thousand grain weight were effective significantly. Effect of planting date was effective significantly on all traits, with the exception of hypocotyl dry weight. The cytokinin (Ck) was effective significantly only on germination percentage, germination uniformity, D90, Length vigor index, SRUE and thousand grain weights. Results of interaction showed treatment of N× planting date had the most Germination rate (0.03 per day). The most mobility of seed reserves (1.6 mg per mg seed) and seed vigor (17.19) was obtained from high levels of N×CK treatment. The effect of N ×Ck× planting showed the most germination (100%) was obtained from high levels of N×Ck treatment and the less germination percentage (66%) was obtained from treatment of late planting date and 150 kg ha-1 N and without cytokinin. so cytokinin increased the resistance of wheat against terminal heat stress and increased germination percentage of seed produced.

Keywords

References

Abdul-Baki, A.A., and J.D. Anderson. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Sci. 13: 630-633.
Almansouri, M., J.M. Kinet, and S. Lutts. 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticumdurum Desf.). Plant Soil. 231: 243-254.
Azari, A., and M.R. Khajepour. 2003. Effect of planting pattern on growth, development, grain yield and yield components in sunflower cv. Kooseh Isfahan in spring planting. J. Agric. Sci. Nat. Res. 7(1): 155-167.
Banziger, M., B. Feil, and P. Stamp. 1994. Competition between nitrogen accumulative and grain growth for carbohydrates during grain filling of wheat. Crop Sci. 34: 440-446.
Batak, I., M. Devic, Z. Giba, D. Grubisic, K. Poff, and R. Konjevic. 2002. The effects of potassium nitrate and NO-donors on phytochrome A- and phytochrome B- specific induced germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Seed Sci. Res. 12:253-259.
Bidinger, F.R., V. Mahalakshmi, and G.D.P. Rao. 1987. Assessment of drought resistance in pearl millet Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke I Factors affecting yields under stress .II. Estimation of genotype response to stress. Agric. Res. 38:37-59.
Bukhtiar, B., and A. Shaykra. 1990. Drought tolerance in lentil. II. Differential genotypic response to drought. J. Agric. Res. 28: 117-126.
Coolbear, P. 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment on the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 35:1609-1617.
Delouch, J.C., and C.C. Baskin. 1995. Accelerated aging techniques for predicting the relative storability of seed lots. Seed Sci. Technol. 1: 427-452.
Demir, I., A. M. Ashirov, and K. Mavi. 2010. Effect of Seed Production Environment and Time of Harvest on Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) Seedling Growth. Res. J. Seed Sci. 3(3):160-169.
Eskandari, H. 2012. Seed quality variation of crop plants during seed development and maturation. Int. J. Agron. Plant Prod. 3(11): 557-560.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2017. FAOSTAT database. http://faostat.fao.org/beta/en/. Feher, W. R. 1987. Principles of Cultivar Developent. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
Faraji, H., Goodarzi, As., Ulyai, H.R. and M. AzimiGandmani. 2012. Evaluation of yield of some wheat cultivars with respect to sowing date in Nourabad, Momsani. J. Plant Prod. (Sci. J. Agric.). 35 (4): 30-42. (In Persian)
Fatima, Z., Aslam, M. and A. Bano. 2008. Chickpea nitrogen fixation increases production of subsequent wheat in rain red system. Pakistan J. Bot. 40(1): 369-376.
Foulkes, M. J., R. Sylvester-Bradley, and R. K. Scott. 1998. Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization of applied fertilizer nitrogen. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge). 130: 29-44.
Frederick, J.R., Bauer, P.J., and W.J. Busscher. 2001. Grain yield and yield components of doublecropped winter wheat as affected by wheat and previous soybean production practices. Crop Sci. 41: 778-784.
Gajdosova, S., L. Spichal, M. Kaminek, K. Hoyerova, O. Novak, P.I. Dobrev, and V. Motyka. 2011. Distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and the conceivable function of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 62: 2827-2840.
Ghorbani Javid, M., A. Sorooshzadeh, F. Moradi, S. A. M. Modarre-Sanavy, and I. Allahdadi. 2011. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(6): 726-734.
Hall, A.E. 1992. Breeding for heat tolerance. Plant Breed. Rev., 10, 129-168.
Hall, R.D., and L.E. Wiesner. 1990. Relationship between seed vigor tests and field performance of Regard meadow bromegrass. Crop Sci. 30: 967-970.
Hampton, J. M., and D. M. Tekrony. 2005. Handbook of vigour test methods. translated by Dehghanshoar, M. hamidi, A and mobaser, S. Agricultural education publication. (In Persian)
Hampton, J.G., and D.M. Tekrony. 1995. Handbook of vigor test methods. ISTA, Zurich Swirztland.
Hossain, I., Epplin, F.M., and E.G. Krenzer. 2003. Planting date influence on dual-purpose winter wheat forage yield, grain yield, and test weight. Agron. J. 95: 1179-1188.
IlonaCzyczyło-Mysza, I., I. IzabelaMarcińska,S. EdytaSkrzypek,K. Cyganek, K. Juzoń1, and M. Karbarz.2014. QTL mapping for germination of seeds obtained from previous wheat generation under drought. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 9(4): 374-382.
ISTA, 2013. International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association. Seed Sci. Technol. 21:160-186.
Jami Al-Ahmadi,M.and M. Kafi. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia L. J. Arid Environ. 68:308-314.
Kafi, M., and M. Rustami. 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and oil percentage of safflower cultivars under saltwater irrigation conditions. Iranian J. Agric. Res. 5 (1): 132-112. (In Persian)
Karssen, C.M. and H.W.M.  Hillhourst. 1992. Chemical environment of seed germination. Pp 327-348. In: M. Fenner (Ed). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant Communities. Walling ford, CAB International.
Khan, A. Z., H. Khan, A. Ghoneim, R. Khan, and A. Ebid. 2007. Seed quality and vigor of soybean as influenced by planting date, density and cultivar under temperate environment. Int. J. Agric. Res. 2(4): 368-376.
 Khoramdel, S., A. Nezami, and A. Mollafilabi. 2014. Evaluation of Germination Characteristics for some Khorasan's Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed Landraces under Fall Planting Dates. Res. Crop Ecosys. 1(1): 55-67. (In Persian)
Mehrabi Olaadi, A.S., B. Yazdi Samadi, M.R. Naghavi, M. Omidi, and R. Tavakol Afshari, 2007. Effect of Abesic acid and Chitin on seed germination and growth of wheat seedlings under salinity stress. J. Res. Construction. 20 (4): 83-93. (In Persian)
Modarresi, M., W. A. Mohamadi, A. A. Zali, and M. Mardi. 2011.  Indices of heat stress tolerance in wheat. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 42(3): 465- 474. (In Persian)
Moral, L.F.G., Y. Rharrabti, D. Villegas, and C. Royo. 2003. Evaluation of grain yield and its components in durum wheat under Mediteranean conditions. Agron. J. 95: 266-274.
Morrison, M.J. 1993. Heat stress during reproduction in summer rape. Can. J. Bot. 71: 303–308.
Mottaghi, S., M. Najafi noori, A. H. Shirani rad, A. Hamidi,  and F. GHooshchi. 2012. Effect of delayed planting on seed vigour of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars by Standard germination test. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 1(2): 147-160. (In Persian)
Polowick, P.L. and V.K. Sawhney. 1998. High temperature induced male female sterility in canola (Brassica napus L.) Ann. Botand London. 62:83.
Poormombeini, S. 2011. Effect of Planting date and Nutritional solution on growth of Strawberry (Varity selva &Kamaroza) in Ahvaz Climate. Master's Thesis, Shahid Chamran of Ahwaz University. (In Persian)
Rashidi, S., H. Abbasdokht, A. Gholami, and R. Tavakolafshari. 2018. Effect of gibberellin and cytokinin on improvement of germination and degraded traits of maize varieties. Crop Physiol. J. 9 (34). 79-96. (In Persian)
Rassam, G., and A. Dadkhah. 2013. The Effect of drought Stress on germination and heterotrophic seedling growth characteristics of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). J. Agron. Sci. 6(9): 13-24. (In Persian)
Sarami, R., H. Omidi, and A. A. Bostani. 2016. Effect of auxin and cytokinin on some morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings and germination of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Iranian J. seed Res . 3(2): 57-70. (In Persian)
Saraswathy, S. and C. Dharmaingam. 1992. Mother crop nutrition influencing seed quality of mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in the western tract of Tamil Nadu. Seed Res. 20: 88-91. (In Persian)
Sawan, Z. M., B. R. Greeg, and S. E. Yousef. 1998. Influence of nitrogen fertilisation and foliar-applied of p;ant growth retardants and zinc on cotton seed yield, viability and seedling vigour. Seed Sci. Technol. 26: 393-404.
Seyedahmadi, S A. 2013. Evaluation of germination and vigour of parent rape seed which optained in terminal heat and drought stress. 5(17). 61-75. (In Persian)
Singh, R.R., V.P. Sharma, and R.K. Jain. 2005. A planting time and mulching influenced vegetative and reproductive traits in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) in India. Fruits. 60:395-403.
Soltani, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zainali and N. Latifi. 2001. Germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of chickpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Sci. Technol. 30: 51-60. (In Persian)
Soltani, E., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram-Ghaderi. 2008. The effect deterioration of Seed on the seed and of the depletion of growth of heterotrophic of wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Natural Res. 15(1): (In Persian)
Szira, F., A.F. Balint, A. Borner, and G. Galiba. 2008. Evaluation of drought-related traits and screening methods at different developmental stages in spring barley. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 194: 334-342.
Tang, G., W. Song, L. Xu, Z. Jin, K. Subrahmaniyan, and W. Zhou. 2006. Sowing seasons and drying methods during post-harvest influence the seed vigor of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Acta Physiol.Plantarum. 28(3): 273-280.
Wang, W., B. Vinocur, and A. Altman. 2003. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme tempretures: toward genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta. 218: 1 – 14.
Warraich, E.A., S.M.A. Basra, N. Ahmad, R. Ahmed and M. Aftab. 2002. Effect of nitrogen on grain quality and vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 4(4): 517-520.
Zakaria, M.S., H.F. Ashraf, and E.Y. Serag. 2009. Direct and residual effects of nitrogen fertilization, foliar application of potassium and plant growth retardant on Egyptian cotton growth, seed yield, seed viability and seedling vigor. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 29: 116-123.
Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology
Volume 9, Issue 4 - Serial Number 20
December 2020
Pages 57-73

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics