Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini; ّFatemeh Yaghoubi
Abstract
Climate change is one of the major global challenges that exerts profound and wide-ranging impacts on seed production as a critical biological process in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. This review paper provides a comprehensive assessment of these impacts and presents adaptation strategies. ...
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Climate change is one of the major global challenges that exerts profound and wide-ranging impacts on seed production as a critical biological process in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. This review paper provides a comprehensive assessment of these impacts and presents adaptation strategies. The findings reveal that in agricultural ecosystems, climate change affects all stages of seed production, from planting and vegetative growth to harvesting, storage, and transportation. Changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events lead to reductions in both the quantity and quality of seeds. In natural ecosystems, climate change alters biodiversity, species distribution, seed dormancy, and the performance of natural seed banks, causing significant shifts in the composition and distribution of native species. To address these challenges, various adaptation strategies are proposed. In agricultural ecosystems, key measures include relocating seed production sites, developing and selecting climate-resilient varieties, improving the management of cultivation, seed processing, and storage, leveraging advanced technologies, and enhancing farmer education and empowerment. In natural ecosystems, strategies such as conserving and managing natural seed banks, facilitating seed dispersal, and assisted migration of species are recommended. The study highlights the critical need for the development and implementation of comprehensive and coordinated strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure seed production security in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Integrated approaches, grounded in scientific knowledge and adaptive management, are essential for maintaining seed quality and sustaining seed production under variable climatic conditions.
Rozita Kabiri; Babak Hasanzadeh Tajarogh; Maryam Delfani
Abstract
To assess the impact of melatonin pretreatment on germination indices, initial growth, and α-amylase activity in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) Soheil cultivar seedlings under osmotic stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design in the research ...
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To assess the impact of melatonin pretreatment on germination indices, initial growth, and α-amylase activity in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) Soheil cultivar seedlings under osmotic stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design in the research laboratory of Bardsir Agricultural Higher Education Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2023. The first factor was melatonin at three concentrations (0, 100, and 200 micromolar), while the second factor was polyethylene glycol solution (PEG6000) at seven levels (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, and -1.2 MPa) with three replicates. The highest germination percentage (92.7%), shoot length (18.9 mm), root dry weight (1 mg/plant), and seedling dry weight (1.2 mg/plant) were observed under non-osmotic stress. Moreover, a 100 μM melatonin concentration increased germination percentage, shoot length, root dry weight, and seedling dry weight by approximately 31.4%, 27.1%, 36.9%, and 35.1%, respectively, compared to plants pretreated with distilled water. By decreasing the osmotic potential from 0 to -1 MPa, the germination rate, seedling vigor length index, root length, shoot dry weight and α-amylase enzyme activity in seeds pretreated with 100 µmol melatonin increased by about 36.8, 77.2%, 58.23%, 62.5% and 75.7%, respectively, compared to seeds pretreated with distilled water. In seed pretreatment with 200 µM melatonin under osmotic stress of -1.2 MPa, germination occurred over a period of ten days but no seedling growth was recorded. It seems that increasing the melatonin concentration was unable to mitigate the negative and inhibitory effects of -1.2 MPa osmotic stress.
A. Hamidi; Bita Oskouei; Ali Shayanfar; Hadis Afshar; Iraj Morovati; Seyed Ali Hashemi; Seye Bagher Mahmoudy; Abdol Hassan Alizadeh; Akram Abdolmaleki
Abstract
Germination indices including: final germination percent, normal and abnormal seedlings percent, dead seeds percent, mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, germination rate(R50), coefficient of germination uniformity, time of achieve ...
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Germination indices including: final germination percent, normal and abnormal seedlings percent, dead seeds percent, mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, germination rate(R50), coefficient of germination uniformity, time of achieve to 5, 10, 50, 90 and 95 percent of germination were measured. The results showed that only pre-chilled seeds (control) had the highest percentage of normal seedlings and the germination speed coefficient, germination rate (R50), germination uniformity coefficient, the lowest mean germination time, time of achieve to 5, 10 and 50 percent of germination. Also, only coated seeds had lower mean germination time and time to reach 10 and 50 percent germination of seeds and high coefficient of velocity of germination and germination rate (R50). Pre-chilled and coated seeds also had the shortest time to reach 90 and 95 germination percent. Therefore, it was found that pre-chilling treatments and seed coating with AB200 liquid superabsorbent polymer alone and together with pre-chilling increased germination and speed and uniformity and reduced germination time. Therefore, revealed that covering the seeds of Manitou with a liquid superabsorbent polymer based on potassium (Superab AB200) improved germination and its speed and uniformity.
Haniyeh Saadat; Mohammad Sedghi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of seed priming with selenium on physiological and biochemical characteristics Wheat seedling under salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2024 with 3 replications. Treatments ...
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In order to investigate the effect of seed priming with selenium on physiological and biochemical characteristics Wheat seedling under salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2024 with 3 replications. Treatments included four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 Mm) and four selenium levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 µM).The results showed that salt stress reduced growth indices including Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Radicle and Plumule Fresh Weight (RFW and PFW), Radicle Dry Weight (RDW), Radicle length (RL), Plumule length (PL) and Seed Length Vigor Index (SLVI), but seed priming with different levels of selenium, especially the level of 75 µM, improved these traits. Priming with selenium decreased the amount of mean germination time, so the highest mean germination time (0.930 days) observed in the control treatment (priming with distilled water). The most Plumule Dry Weight (PDW) and Seed Weight Vigor Index (SLWI) were observed in treatment with 75 μM selenium and without salt. The amount of protein, proline and soluble sugars increased by 61, 25 and 72% respectively in priming with selenium 75 µM compared to the control. The results showed that Seed priming with selenium causes strengthened the germination indices, growth indices and biochemical traits in wheat and increased seedling growth.
Fahimeh Ghalavand; Seyed Amir Moosavi; Mohammad Hossain Gharineh; Mohammad Golbashi
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a variety of stress factors throughout their life cycles, which adversely affect their growth, development, and yield. This study was conducted in 2024 at the Seed Technology Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan to investigate the effects ...
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Plants are subjected to a variety of stress factors throughout their life cycles, which adversely affect their growth, development, and yield. This study was conducted in 2024 at the Seed Technology Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan to investigate the effects of seed priming with cytokinin on enhancing salt stress tolerance during the germination and seedling growth stages of salvia (Salvia sahendica) under saline conditions. The research was designed as a factorial experiment within a completely randomized design. The first factor consisted of varying salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 200, and 250 mM NaCl), while the second factor involved seed priming treatments, comprising combinations of priming duration (12 and 24 hours) and cytokinin concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L). The results indicated that increasing salinity levels significantly reduced germination characteristics and vigor in sage. However, seed priming with 50 mg/L cytokinin significantly mitigated the detrimental effects of salt stress on seed germination traits. Furthermore, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase were enhanced in primed seeds, suggesting a protective role of these compounds against oxidative stress induced by salinity. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that seed priming with 50 mg/L cytokinin for duration of 24 hours serves as an effective treatment for improving germination and early seedling growth of sage, particularly under salt stress conditions.
saeed amini; Shokoufeh Ghayoom-Asghari; Zahra Tahernezhad; MohammadReza Jazayeri Noushabadi; Zahra Karbalaiee-Harafte
Abstract
Variety identification is critical for preserving varieties' intellectual property and stimulating breeding creativity. One of the main techniques employed for identifying cultivars in the field is morphological evaluation, which includes tests for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS). This ...
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Variety identification is critical for preserving varieties' intellectual property and stimulating breeding creativity. One of the main techniques employed for identifying cultivars in the field is morphological evaluation, which includes tests for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS). This research was carried out in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. It evaluates the DUS morphological traits of sixteen C. spp L. (ten C. pepo L. and six C. moschata L.) hybrid cultivars via visual and measurable traits investigation to safeguard their biological diversity. Out of these, twenty core traits, including eleven fruit-related characteristics, have been chosen based on PCA score results to streamline field monitoring performance and utilized to improve identification accuracy. The results show that the fruit's general shape is a vital indicator in cultivar differentiation, which explained 13.11% of the morphological variance. The scatter plot outcomes of principal component analysis (PCA) based on morphological DUS traits indicated two distinguished classifications: C. pepo L. and C. moschata L. clusters. The coefficient of variation (CV, %) among examined traits ranged from 5.34% to 81.31%, with an average of 27.14%. Based on the M-TOPSIS rank analysis approach, Selena and Walth Ambutternut were identified as the highest-score zucchini (vegetable marrow) and squash cultivars, respectively.
Ali Sepehri; Sepideh Nikomaram
Abstract
Plants are highly vulnerable to diseases and environmental stresses during germination because germination is the most critical stage of their life cycle (Tuğ & Yaprak, 2019). Microplastics (MPs) are often used in agricultural ecosystems as plastic mulch or greenhouse cover. Therefore, there is ...
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Plants are highly vulnerable to diseases and environmental stresses during germination because germination is the most critical stage of their life cycle (Tuğ & Yaprak, 2019). Microplastics (MPs) are often used in agricultural ecosystems as plastic mulch or greenhouse cover. Therefore, there is a possibility of their excessive accumulation in the soil, which greatly affects seed germination (De Silva et al., 2022). On the other hand, lead (Pb) contamination disrupts germination and early growth stages, thus harming the physiology and morphology of seeds (Seneviratne et al., 2019).Experiments were conducted as factorials based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The desired solutions were prepared by calculating the amount of Pb, and PVC-MP by five concentrations of Pb (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 μM) and five concentrations of PVC-MP (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6% w/w). Three replicates of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) seeds were disinfected with a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution and washed with distilled water. This study showed that foxtail millet seeds were able to germinate under conditions of Pb toxicity up to 1000 μM, but the germination percentage and root tolerance index were significantly reduced. This indicates the tolerance of foxtail millet seeds to Pb stress. Despite environmental concerns regarding MP contamination, the results show that the presence of PVC in the culture medium, even at low concentrations, has a positive effect on seed germination under Pb toxicity.
