نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی

2 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد گروه علوم خاک و گیاه دانشگاه تگزاس امریکا

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی برخی جنبههای فیزیولوژیک بذر سیاهدانه در واکنش به فراهمی فسفر در خاک آهکی، آزمایشی در سال
92-1391 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. منابع اصلاح کننده خاک آهکی (شامل ورمی کمپوست (V(
+ باکتری تیوباسیلوس(T ،(گوگرد (S + (T ،T+S+V و شاهد) در کنار سطوح فسفر (صفر، 30 و 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار از
منبع فسفات دی آمونیوم) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی به ترتیب عامل اول و دوم آزمایش در
نظر گرفته شدند. جهت ارزیابی بنیه بذر در واکنش به تغذیه فسفر در بوته مادری از آزمون REاستفاده شد که طبق نتایج این
آزمون، درصد جوانهزنی در روز چهارم به عنوان ارزیابی بنیه بذر سیاهدانه تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد منابع اصلاح
کننده خاک (T+V ،T+S و T+S+V ،(مقدار فسفر در پوسته، درصد فسفر پوسته به کل فسفر بذر و متوسط زمان جوانهزنی را
به طور معنیدار کاهش داد. کاربرد T+S+V در مقایسه با شاهد منجر به کاهش مقدارفسفردرپوسته و متوسط زمان جوانهزنی به
ترتیب تا 18 ،10 درصد شد. از سویی دیگر، کاربرد تیمارهای ذکر شده منجر به افزایش معنیدار وزن هزار دانه، بنیه بذر،
مقدار فسفر در جنین و در بذر شد. بین وزن هزار دانه و غلظت فسفر در پوسته بذر نیز ارتباط منفی وجود داشت
R =0/66**)
2
). به نظر میرسد که در شرایط محدودیت فسفر خاک، گیاه مادری از طریق تخصیص بیشتر فسفر به پوسته،
ترجیح میدهد به جای افزایش بنیه، بذرهایی با دوام بالاتر تولید کند. 
 

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