Anonymous. ٢٠١٠. Internal Marnamh Agriculture Organization of Mazandaran province. P ١٤٠.
Artola, A., Carrillo-Castaneda, G. and Santos, G. D. L. ٢٠٠٣. Hydropriming: a strategy to increase Lotus
corniculatus L. Seed vigor. seed Sci. Techno. ٣١:٤٥٥-٤٦٣.
Afzal. A., Aslam, N., Mahmood, F., Hameed, A., Irfan, S. and G, Ahmad. ٢٠٠٦. Enhan cement of
germination and emergence of canola seeds by different priming Techniques. Garden Depesquisa Bio. ١٦:١٩-
٣٤.
Afzal, I., S. M. A., Basra, R. Ahmad, and A. Iqbal. ٢٠٠٢. Effect of different seed vigour enhancement
techniques on hybrid maize ( Zea mays L. ). Pak. J. Agri. Sci. ٣٩: ١٠٩-١١٢.
Ashraf, M., and M. R., Foolad. ٢٠٠٥. Pre- sowing seed treatment- a shotgun approach to improve
germination growth and crop yield under saline and none- saline conditions. Advan. Agron. ٨٨: ٢٢٣- ٢٧١.
Basra, A. S., Dhillon, R., and Malik, C. P. ١٩٨٩. Influece of seed pretreatment with plant growth
regulators on metabolic alterations of germinating maize embryos under stressing temperature regimes. Ann.
Bot. ٦٤: ٣٧- ٤١.
Basra, A., Dhillon, R., and Malik, C. ١٩٨٩. Influence of seed pretreatment with plant growth regulators on
metabolic alternations of germinating maize embryos under stressing temperature regimes. Ann. Bot. ٦٤: ٧٦-
٧٩.
Basra, S.M. A., I. A, Pannu., and I, Afzal. ٢٠٠٣. Evaluation of seedling vigour of hydro and matriprimed
wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Int. Agri. Biol. ٥:١٢١- ١٢٣.
Babayi, N., Daneshyan, J., Hamidi, A., Hadi, H., Jonobi, P., and Baghi, M. ٢٠٠٩. Evaluation of
sunflower seeds physiology quality under differences humidity. Precis articles of the first congress of
national sciences and Iran Seed Yechnology. ١٣-١٤ Nov. ٢٠٠٩, Gorgan.
Bailly, C., Benamar, A., Corbineau, F. and Come, D. ٢٠٠٠. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Res. ١٠: ٣٥- ٤٢.
Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. ١٩٩٨. Seed:physiology of development and germination second edition.
Plenum Press New York.
Brown, R.H., E .R. Beaty, W.J. Ethredge and D. D. Hayes., ١٩٧٠. Influence of row width and plant
population on yield of two varieties of corn. Agron. J. ٦٢: ٧٦٧- ٧٧٠.
Buyukalaca, S. ١٩٩٩. The effect of Nacl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedling. Acta Hort. ٤٩٢: ٧٧-
٨٤.
Chojnowski, F. C., Come, D. ١٩٩٧. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by
osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging. Seed sci. Res. ٧: ٣٢٣-٣٣١.
Choogan, R. ٢٠٠٤. Corn production. Agriculture Research and Education Organization. P ١٠٣.
Das, M. and Zaidi, P. H. ١٩٩٦. Effect of various soil matric potentials on germination and seedling growth
of chickpea (Cicer arietimum L.) biotypes. Legume Research. ١٩: ٢١١-٢١٧.
De, F., Kar, R. K. ١٩٩٤. Seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean (Vigna radiate) under water
stress in duced by PEG-٦٠٠٠. Seed Science and Technology. ٢٣: ٣٠١-٣٠٤.
Erdem, T., Erdem, Y., Horta, A. and Okursoy, H. ٢٠٠٦. Use of a crop water stress index for scheduling
the irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turk. J. Agric. For. ٣٠: ١١- ٢٠.
F. A. O. ٢٠٠٩. Production year book Food and Aricultural organization of united Nations, Rome, Italy,
٥١:٢٠٩p.
Farooq, M. S., Basra, M. A., Tabassum, R., and I, Afzal. ٢٠٠٦. Enhancing the performance of direct
seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant. Prob. Sci. ٤: ٤٤٦- ٤٥٦.
Farooq, M., S. M. A., Basra, E. A., Warraich, and A. Khaliq. ٢٠٠٦. Optimization of hydropriming
techniq ues for rice seed invigoration. Seed Sci. Technol. ٣٤: ٥٢٩- ٥٣٤.
Finch-Savage, W. E., Dent, K. C., and Clark, L. J. ٢٠٠٤. Soak conditions and temperature following
sowing in fluece the response of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds to on-farm priming (Pre-Sowing Seed Soak).
Field Crops Res. ٩٠: ٣٦١- ٣٧٤.
Handter, R. B. ١٩٨٠. Increased leaf area (source) and yield of maize in short season areas. Crop Sci. ٢٠:
٥٧١- ٥٧٤.
Hanway, D. G. ١٩٧٩. Corn planting date, population, depth and row spacing. Univ. of Nebraska Lincoln,
Bull. No ٧٩.
Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P., and Sodhi, P. S. ١٩٩٩. Onfarm seed priming in semi-arid
agriculture. Development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using partici patory methods.
Exp. Agric. ٣٥: ١٥- ٢٩.
Harris, D., A. Joshi, P.A.Khan, P.S. Sodhi,١٩٩٩. on- from seed priming in semi- aride agriculture.
Development and evaluation in maize, rice and chick pea in India using participatory methods. Exp. Agria,
٣٥:١٥-٢٩.
Hafeez, U. R., Farooq, M., and Afzal, I. ٢٠٠٧. Latc Sowing of wheat by seed priming- DAWN- Business.
Hashemi – Dezfouli, A.and S.S. Herbert,١٩٩٢. Intersifying plant density response of corn with artificial
shade. Agron J. ٨٤: ٤٧٧-٥٥١.
Hussian, M., Farooq, M. S., Basra, M. A., and Ahmad, N. ٢٠٠٦. Influence of seed priming techniques on
the seedling Establishment, yield and quality of hybrid sunflower. Int. J. Agri. Biol. ٨: ١٤- ١٨.
Kaya, M. D., Okcu, G., Atak, M., Cikili, Y., and Kolarici, O. ٢٠٠٦. seed treatments to overcome salt and
drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Europ. J. Agron. ٢٤:٢٩١-٢٩٥.
Katenbe, W.J., I.A. Ungar and J.P. Mitahell, ١٩٩٨. Effect of salhnhty on germination and seedling growth
of two Atriplex species ( Chenopodiaceae), Ann. Bot. ٨٢:١٦٧-١٢٥.
Khajeh – hosseini, A., Powell, A., Bingham, I. J. ٢٠٠٣. the interaction between salinity stress and vigour
during germination of soyabean seeds. Seed Sci and Technol. ٣١: ٧١٥-٧٢٥.
Kiani, M., Bagheri, R., and Nezami, A. ١٩٩٧. Reactions genotypes to drought tension resulting from
polyethylene glycol ٦٠٠٠ in seeding stage. Agric. Ind. Sci. Mag. ٢: ٤٥-٥٥.
Kim, S. H. and Kang, C. ١٩٨٧. Vigor determination in barley seed by the multiple criteria. Korean J. Crop
Sci. ٣٢: ٤١٧- ٤٢٧.
Martin, B. A., Cerwick, S. F., and Reding, L. D. ١٩٩١. Physiological basis for imbibitions of maize seed
germination by flooding. Crop Sci. ٣١: ١٠٥٢- ١٠٥٧.
Maguire, J. D. ١٩٦٢. Speed of germination – aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and
vigour. Crop Sci. ٢:١٧٦-١٧٧.
Min Bashi Moeini, M. ١٩٩٥. The effects of planting date and plant density on yield and quality of forage
maize, MSc Thesis of Isfahan University degree in agriculture, P ٨٠-٨٥.
Mc creary, D. ١٩٨٩. Regeneration native oaks in california, California Agric. ٤٣: ٤- ٦.
Mohammad, F., and M. A, Shahza. ٢٠٠٥. Rice cultivation by seed priming DAWN Business; August
٢٠٠٥.
Mohammadi,. G.R, ٢٠٠٩, The effect of seed priming on plant traits of late- spring. Seeded soybean (Glycin
max L.), American- Eurasian J.Agric. Environ. Sci, ٥: ٣٢٢-٣٢٦.
Moradi Dezfuli, P., Sharif-Zadeh, F., and Janmohammadi, M. ٢٠٠٨. Influence of priming techniques on
seed Germination behavior of Maize inbred lines ( zea mays L.). ARPN J. Agric. Biolo. Sci. ٣:١٠٨.
Murungu, F. S., Nyamugafata, P., Chiduza, C., Clark, L. J., and Whalley, W. R. ٢٠٠٣. Effects of seed
priming aggregate size and soil matric potential on emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize
(Zea mays L.). Soil and Till. Res. ٧٤:١٦١-١٦٨.
Murungu, F.S., Chiduza,C., Yamuyafata. P., Clark, L. G., Whalley, W. R. ٢٠٠٤, Effect of on- form seed
priming on emergence, growth and yield of cotten and maize in a sami – area of Zimbabwe Exp. Agric,
٤٠:٢٣-٣٦.
Musa, A.M,m Harris, D.Johansen, C., Kumar, J.J., ٢٠٠٤. Short duration chick pea to replace fallow after
amanrice, therole of on- farm seed priming in the High Bang ladesh. Exp Agric. ٣٧, ٥٠٩-٥٢١.
Nagar, R. P., Dadlani, M., and Sharma, S. P. ١٩٩٨. Effect of hydropriming on field emergence and crop
growth of maize genotypes. Seed Sci. Technol. ٢٦: ١- ٥.
Nichols, M. A. and Heydecker, W. ١٩٦٨. Two approaches to the study of germination date. Proc. Int. Seed
Test.Ass. ٣٣:٥٣١-٥٤٠.
Omidi, H., Soroushzadeh, A., Salehi, A., and Ghezeli, F. D. ٢٠٠٥. Rapeseed germination as affected by
osmopriming pretreatment. Agric. Sci. Techno. J. ١٩: ١٢٥- ١٣٦.
Olaoye, G., ٢٠١٠, Growth indices and grain yield attributes in set maize cultivars representig two Era of
Maize Breeding in Nigeria, journal of Agricultural Seience, vol.٢, No. ٣: September.
Pendelton, J. W. and Egli, D. B. ١٩٦٩. Potention yield of corn as effected by planting sate. Agron. J. ٦٤:
٧٠-٧١.
Parera, C. A., Cantiffe, D. J. ١٩٩٤. Pre-Sowing seed priming. Tlortic. Rev. ١٦: ١٠٩- ١٤١.
Penalosa, A. P. S., Eira, M. T. S. ١٩٩٣. Hydration – dehydration treatments on tomato seeds (Lycopersicon
esculentum). Seed sci. Technol. ٢١: ٣٠٩-٣١٦.
Pizzeghello, D., Nicolini, G., Nardi, S. ٢٠٠١. Hormone-like activity of humic substances infagus sylvaticae
forests. New. Phyto. ٥١: ٦٤٧- ٦٥٧.
Sharif-Zadeh, F. ١٩٩١. Effect of plant density on growth, yield and yield components of corn hybrids, MSc
thesis of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology. P ٩٠.
Subedi, K. D., and Ma, B. I. ٢٠٠٥. Seed priming does not improve corn yield inahumid temperate
environment. Agron. J. ٩٧: ٢١١- ٢١٨.
Tovsolli, M. E., and Casenave, E. C. ٢٠٠٣. Water content and the effectiveness of hydro and osmotic
priming of cotton seeds. Seed Sci. & Technol. ٣١:٧٢٧-٧٣٥.
Wahid, A., Noreen, A., Basra, S. M. A., Gelani, S., and Farooq, M. ٢٠٠٨. Priming-induced metabolic
chanes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achenes improve germination and seedling growth. Botanical
Studies. ٤٩: ٣٤٣- ٣٥٠.
Zheng. G., Ronald, W., Slinkard, A., and Gusta, L.V. ١٩٩٤. Enhancement of canola seed germination and
seedling emergence, Crop Sci. ٣٤: ١٥٨٩-١٥٩٣.
)