نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهی، واحد کلیبر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کلیبر، ایران
چکیده
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح بذر با قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار بر برخی از خصوصیات شیمیایی و جوانهزنی بذر گیاه ذرت در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل درسال 1394 اجرا گردید. فاکتور‌های مورد بررسی شامل چهار سطح تنش خشکی (صفر، 4-، 8- و 12- بار) و پرایمینگ بذر با سه گونه قارچ میکوریزا (فونلی فورمیس موسه آ، ریزوگلوموس فسیکولاتوم و کلاروئیدوگلوموس اتانیکاتوم) و تیمار بدون تلقیح قارچی به عنوان شاهد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی و تلقیح بذر با قارچ‌های میکوریزا بر مؤلفه‌های جوانهزنی، محتوای پروتئین بذر و آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی دار بود. بذرهای تلقیح یافته با ریزوگلوموس فسیکولاتوم از افزایش میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و محتوای پروتئین بذر بیشتری در مقایسه با عدم تلقیح برخوردار بودند. در شرایط تنش خشکی، گیاه برای کاهش اثرات تنش اکسیداتیو منجر به افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان شده است. نتایج مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها نشان داد که با افزایش تنش خشکی درصدجوانه‌زنی و شاخص میزان جوانهزنی کاهش و متوسط مدت زمان جوانهزنی افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده در این تحقیق به نظر می‌رسد قارچ‌های میکوریزا به واسطه بهبود جذب آب و عناصر غذایی در گیاه در شرایط تنش، موجب حفظ رشد گیاه می‌گردند. بنابراین میتوان پیشنهاد کرد که بهمنظور بهبود مؤلفه‌های جوانهزنی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی، تلقیح بذر ذرت با ریزوگلوموس فسیکولاتوم به کار برده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Afkari, A. 2014. Effect of water stress on potassium accumulation and seed yield of different sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) varieties. Int. J. Current Life Sci. 4(3): 808-811.
Afzal. A., N. Aslam, F. Mahmood, A. Hameed, S. Irfan, and G. Ahmad. 2006. Enhan cement of germination and emergence of canola seeds by different priming technigues. Garden Depesguisa Biolo. 16(1): 19-34.
Agarwal, S., R.K. Sairam, G.C. Srivatava, and R.C. Meena. 2005. Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress by abscisic acid and salicylic acid in wheat genotypes. Biotecnol. Plantarum. 49(4): 541-550.
Ahmadpour, R., S.R. Hosseinzadeh, and S. Chashiani. 2016. Study of root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of lentil in response to moisture stress. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) J. Irainian Plant Ecophysiol. Res. 11(43): 39-51.
Ashraf, M. and H. Rauf. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through priming with chloride salte, growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol. Plant. 23: 407-414.
Baltruschat, H., J. Fodor, B.D. Harrach, E. Niemczyk, B. Barna, G. Gullner, A. Janeczko, K.H. Kogel, P. Schafer, I. Schwarczinger, A. Zuccaro, and A. Skoczowski. 2008. Salt tolerance of barley induced by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica is associated with a strong increase in antioxidants. New Phytol. 180: 501-510.
Beauchamp, C. and I. Fridovich. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and applicable to acryl amide gels. Annual Review of Bioch. 44: 276-287.
Chandlee, J.M. and J.G. Scandalios. 1984. Analysis of variants affecting the plants. Plant Nutrition Soil Sci. 168: 541-549.
Chen, W.P., P.H. Li, and T.H.H. Chen. 2000. Glycinebetaine increases chilling tolerance and reduces chilling induced lipid peroxidation in Zea mays L. Plant Cell Enviro. 23: 609-618.
Chojnowski, F.C. and D. Come. 1997. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging. Seed Sci. Res. 7: 323-331.
Dat, J., S. Vandenabeele, E. Vranová, M. Van Montagu, D. Inzé, and F. Van Breusegem. 2000. Dual action of active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Sci. 57: 779-795.
Dobbelaere, S., J. Vanderleyden, and Y. Yaacov Okon. 2003. Plant growth promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Plant Sci. 2: 107-149.
Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong, and E.H. Roberts. 1987. The development of desiccation-tolerance and maximum seed quality during maturation in legumes. Anatomy Botany. 59: 23-29.
Gamze, O., M.D. Kaya, and M. Atak. 2005. Effect of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea. Turkish J. Agric. 29: 237-242.
Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and B. Dalil. 2014. Effect of seed vigor on growth and grain yield of maize. Plant Breeding and Seed Sci. 70: 81-90.
Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani. and S. Nezarat. 2009. The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. Proceedings of Word Academy of Sci. Engineering and Technol. 37: 2070-3740.
Giri, B. and K.G. Mukerji. 2004. Mycorrhizal inoculant alleviates salt stress in sesbania aegyptiaca and Sesbania grandiflora under field condition: evidence for reduced sodium and improved magnesium uptake. Mycorrhiza. 14: 307-312.
Golshan, M., H. Habibi, S.M. Beladi. and M.J. Maleki. 2011. Copper and Lead tolerance strategies in mustards (Sinapis arvensis) egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa): Role of some antioxidant enzymes. American-Eurasian J. Agric. and Environ. Sci. 11: 122-128.
Hameeda, B., M. Srijana, O.P. Rupela. and G. Reddy. 2007. Effect of bacteria isolated from composts and macrofauna on sorghum growth and mycorrhizal colonization. World J Micro. Biol. 23: 883–887.
Hanlon, E.A. 1998. Elemental determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. In: handbook of reference methods for plant analysis (Eds. Kalra, Y.P.). CRC Press: Boca Raton. 157-165 pp.
Hassanpour Darvishi, H. 2015. Effect of lead and zinc and mycorhiza fungi role on antioxidant enzymes activity and biomarkers of destruction in alfalf, green pea and vetch. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) Crop Physiol. J. 6(24) :73-88.
Hashemi Fesharaki, S., A. Hamidi. S. and Vazan. 2016. Evaluation the effect of primary germination percentage and seed size and shape of hybrid maize on some seed vigor indices. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) Iranian J. Seed Sci. and Res. 1: 63-73.
Holy, M.C. 1972. Indole acetic acid oxidase: a dual catalytic enzyme. Plant Physiol. 50: 15-18.
Jiang, Y. and B. Huang, 2001. Drought and heat stress injury to two coll-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Sci. 41: 436-442.
Kaya, M.D., Ipek, A. and Ozturk, A. 2003. Efects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower. Turkish J. Agric. 27: 221-227.
Krishna, H., S.K. Singh, R.R. Sharma, R.N. Khawale, M. Grover, and V.B. Patel. 2005. Biochemical changes inmicropropagated grape (Vitis vinifera L.)plantlets due to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) inoculated during ex vitroacclimatization. Sci. Hortic.106: 554-567.
Mehra, R. and R. Raaj. 2002. "mood fluctuations, projection bias, and volatility of equity prices.
J. Econo. Dyna. and Control. 26(5): 869-887.
Naderi Zarnaghi, R. M. Valizadeh, and R. Fotovat. 2014. Electrophoretic analysis of antioxidant enzymes activity under drought stress in winter wheat genotypes at tillering stage. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) Cereal Res. 4(3): 185 -197.
Parvane, V. 2005. Food qualitative control and chemical experiments. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) Tehran Univ. Press.332 pp.
Oskouie, B. and M. Divsalar. 2011. The effect of mother plant nitrogen on seed vigor and germination in rapeseed. ARPN. J Agric. Biol. Sci. 6(5): 49-56.
Patade, V.Y., K. Maya, and A. Zakwan. 2012. Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Res. J. Seed Sci.4(3): 125 -136.
Rahmani Iranshahi, D., M. Sepehri, A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, H.R. Eshghizadeh, and V. Jahandideh Mahjen Abadi. 2016. Inoculation effects of endophytic fungus (Piriformospora indica) on antioxidant enzyme activity and wheat tolerance under phosphorus deficiency in hydroponic system. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) J. Sci. Technol. 6(4): 75-86.
Seiadat, S.A., A. Moosavi, and M. Sharafizadeh. 2012. Effect of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of maize seeds under different aging treatments. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) Res. J. Seed Sci. 5: 51-62.
Semirnoff, F.N. 1998. Drought influence the activity of enzymes of the chloroplast hydrogen proxide system. J. Exp.Bot. 39: 1097-1108.
Seyes Sharifi, R. and K. Khavazi. 2012. Effect of growth stimulating bacteria on germination gomponents and seedling growth of maize. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) J. Agroecol. 3: 506 -513.
Shaukat, K., S. Affrasayab, and S. Hasnain. 2006. Growth responses of Helianthus annus to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria used as a biofertilizer. J.Agric. Res. 1(6): 573-581.
Shokri, Z., N. Boroomand, M. Sarcheshmeh Pour, and H.R. Alizadeh. 2016. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on cadmium phytoremediation by marigold (Tagetes erecta). J. of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 6(1): 191-204.
Solaiman, A.R.M., M.G. Rabbani, and M.N. Moll. 2005. Effect of inoculation of Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorriza, poultry litter, nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield in chickpea. Korean J. Crop Sci. 50: 256 -261.
Soltani, A., M. Gholipoor, and E. Zeinali. 2006. Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought and salinity. Environ and Experi. Botany.55: 195–200.
Sung, J.M. and K.Y. Chiu. 1995. Hydration effects on seedling emergence strength of watermelon seed differing in ploidy. Plant Sci. 110: 21-26.
Tabatabi, S.A. 2012. Effect of different pretreatments on germination indices and antioxidant enzymes activity of corn seeds under drought stress conditions. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) J.Sci. and Technol. Seeds. 1: 72-79.
TeKrony, D.M. and Egli, D.B. 1991. Relation ship of seed vigor to crop yield: a review. Crop Sci. 31: 816-822.
Wakjira, K. and Negash, L. 2013. Germination responses of croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) to various physico-chemical pretreatment conditions. South African J.Botany, 87: 76-83.
Younesi, O. and Moradi, A. 2015. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizal fungi on seedling emergence, early establishment and growth of two ecotypes alfalfa (Medicago sative) under salinity stress condition. (In Persian, with English Abstract.) J. Plant Production Res. 22: 105-126.
)