نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی،مشهد، ایران
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ بر بهبود شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی بذور زوال یافته سویا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی بذر دانشگاه تهران در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه عبارت بودند از دو سطح زوال (48 و 72 ساعت)، سه سطوح مختلف هورمون اسید سالیسیلیک (صفر، 300 و 600 میکرومولار) و سه زمان کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک (قبل زوال، بعدزوال و قبل و بعد زوال) بود. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (گلوتاتیون رداکتاز، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، پراکسیداسیون غشایی یا مالون دی آلدهید) بود. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطح زوال فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی کاهش و پراکسیداسیون غشایی افزایش یافته است و پرایمینگ بذر سویا با هورمون اسید سالیسیلیک موجب بازیابی بذور زوال یافته و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی شد. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز در سطح 72 ساعت زوال با زمان کاربرد اسید سالسیلیک به صورت قبل و بعد زوال با غلظت 300 میکرومولار میزان 98/6 در میلی‌گرم پروتئین بافت مشاهده شد.کاهش میزان نشت مالون دیآلدهید در زمان کاربرد توام اسیدسالسیلیک با غلظت 300 میکرومولار به میزان 45/1 میکرومول بر گرم بافت مشاهده شد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که پرایم در زمان توام بهبود خصوصیات شیمیایی بذر را در شرایط وجود زوال به همراه دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Aboutalebian, M. 2005. Osmotic priming of seeds of some wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in warm, temperate and cold regions of Iran a means of enhancing seed vigour under unsuitable conditions. Thesis of Ph.D., Tehran University.
Afzal, I., N. Ahmad, S.M.A. Basra, R. Ahmadand, and A. Iqbal, 2002. Effect of different seed vigor enhancement techniques on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci. 39: 109-112
Allen, R. D. 2008. Dissection of oxidative stress tolerance using transgenic plants. Plant Physiol. 107: 1049–1054.
Ansari, O. and F. Sharif-Zadeh, 2013. Improving germination of primed mountain rye seeds with heat shock treatment. Bra. J. Plant Physiol. 25.
Apel, K. and H. Hirt, 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Plant Biol. 55: 373-399.
Ashraf, M. and Q. Ali, 2008. Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 63: 266-273.
Bailly, C. 2004. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed Sci. Res. 14: 93-107.
Bailly, C., A. Benamar, F. Corbineau, and D. Come, 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Res. 10: 35–42.
Bandeoglu, E. F., Y. M. Eyidogan, and H.A. Oktem, 2004. Antioxidant response of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl Salinity stress. Plant Growth Regul. 42: 69-77.
Baraani-Dastjerdi, M., M. Rafieiolhossaini, and A. R. Danesh-Shahraki, 2013. Effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and manganese on seed quality of red bean during the accelerated aging test. EJCP. 7 (2): 77-95. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Basra, M.A.S., M. Ashraf, N. Iqbal, A. Khaliq, and R. Ahmad, 2004. Physiological and biochemical aspects of pre-sowing heat stress on cottonseed. Seed Sci. Technol. 32: 765-774.
Basra, S.M.A., N. Ahmad, M.M. Khan, N. Iqbal,and M.A. Cheema, 2003. Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated ageing. Seed Sci. Technol. 31: 531 –540.
Beauchamp, C.O., S.L. Gonias, D.P. Menapace, S.V. Pizzo, 1983. A new procedure for the synthesis of polyethylene glycol-protein adducts; effects on function, receptor recognition, and clearance of superoxide dismutase, lactoferrin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Ann. Biochem. 131: 25-33.
Berlett, B.S. and E.R. Stadtman, 1997. Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress, J. Bio. Che. 272: 20313-20316.
Bernal, L., A. Camacho, and A.Carballo, 2000. Effect of seed aging on the enzymic antioxidant system of maize cultivars. In: black, M., Bradford, K,J., and Vazqez-Ramos, J., (eds). The Biology of seeds. Pp. 157-160. CABI publishing. UK.
Bewly, J.D. and M. Black, 1994. Seeds: physiology of development and germination. Ed 2. Plenum Press, New York.
Blokina, O., E. virolainen, K. fagersted, 2003. Antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. Ann Bot. 91: 179-194.
Bray, C.M. 1995. Biochemical processes during the osmo priming of seeds, in; Seed Development and Germination, (Eds. Kigel, Y. and Galili, G.). PP. 767-789. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Bray, C.M., P.A. Davison, M. Ashraf, and R.M. Taylor, 1989. Biochemical events during osmopriming of leek seed. Ann. Appl. Biol. 102: 185-193.
Burnett, S., P., Thomas, and M. Van Iersel, 2005. Post germination drenches with PEG-8000 reduce growth of salvia and marigolds. Horti. Sci. 40(3): 675-679.
Chojnowski, F.C. and D. Come, 1997. Physiology and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and drying, storage and aging. Seed Sci Res. 7: 323-331.
Dewir, Y.H., D. Chakrabarty, M.B. Ali, E.J. Hahn, and K.Y. Paek, 2006. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities of Euphorbia millii hyperhydric shoots. Environ Exp. Bot. 58: 93-99.
El-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. J. Plant G. Regul. 42(3): 215-224.
Farhoudi, R., S. Saeedipour, and D. mohammadreza, 2011. The effect of NaCl seed priming on salt tolerance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline and carbohydrate accumulation of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under saline condition. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6: 1363-1370.
Foyer, C.H. and B. Halliwell, 1976. The presence of glutathione and glutathione reeducates in chloroplasts a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Plantarom. 133: 21-25.
Gaspar, T., C. Penel, F.J. Castillo, and H. Greppin, 2001. A two-step control of basic and acidic peroxidases and its significance for growth and development. Plant Physiol. 64: 418-423.
Ghaderi far, F. and Soltani, A. 2009. Seed testing and control. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran.
Goel, A. and I. Sheoran, 2003. Lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzymes in cotton seeds under natural ageing. Biol. Plantarum. 46: 429-434.
Goel, A., A.K. Goel, and I.S. Sheoran, 2003. Changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial ageing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 1093–110.
Gue, S.J., Y.C. Wang, and W.S. Wang, 2012. Effects of priming treatments on germination and biochemical characteristics of Pinus bungeana seeds. For. Stud. China. 14(3): 200-204.
Hare, P.D. and W.A. Cress, 2007. Metabolic implications of stress-induced accumulation in plants. Plant Gr. Regul. 21:79–103.
He, Y.L., Y.L. Liu, W.X. Cao, M.F., Huai, B.G. Xu, and B. Huang, 2005. Effects of salicylic acid on heat tolerance associated with antioxidant metabolism in Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Sci. 45:988–995.
Heath, R.L. and L. Packer, 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125: 189-198.
Hendry, G.A.F. 1993. Oxygen, free radical processes and seed longevity. Seed Sci. Res. 3: 141-153.
Hossain, M.A., J.A.T. Silva, and M. Fujita, 2011. Glyoxalase system and reactive oxygen species detoxification system in plant abiotic stress response and tolerance: an intimate relationship, in Abiotic Stress in Plants-Mechanisms and Adaptations, A.k. Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu, Eds., pp. 235-266. INTECH-Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, Croatia.
Hurly, R.F., J. Van Staden, and M.T. Smith, 1991. Improved germination in seeds of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) following polyethylene glycol and gibberellin acid pretreatments. Ann. Appl. Biol. 118(1): 175-184.
Hus, C.C., C.I. Chen, J.I. Chen, and J.M. Sung, 2003. Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatment. Sci Horti. 98:201-212.
Israr, M. and S.V. Sahi, 2006. Antioxidative responses to mercury in the cell cultures of Sesbania drummondii. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 44: 590-595.
Jin, S., C.C.S. Chen, and A.L. Plant, 2000. Regulation by ABA of osmotic stress-induced changes in protein synthesis in tomato roots. Plant Cell. Cel Environ. 23: 51-60.
Kar, M. and D. Mishra, 1976. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiol. 57: 315-319.
Khan, M., M. Qasim, M. Javid Iqbal, A. Naeem, and M. Abbas, 2003. Effect of seed humidification on germinability, vigor and lrakage in Cockscomb (Celosia avgentea. Var. cristata L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 5: 499-503.
Kibinza, S., J. Bazin, Ch. Bailly, J.M. Farrant, F. Corbineau, and H.El-Maarouf-Bouteau. 2011. Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. Plant Sci. 181: 309-315.
Koroi, S. 1989. Gel electrophoresis tissue and spectrophotometrscho unter uchungen zomeinfiuss der temperature auf struktur der amylase and peroxidase isoenzyme. Physiol. Rev. 20: 15-23.
Krishna, P. and B.G. Mugesh, 2010. Functional Mimics of Glutathione Peroxidase: Bio inspired Synthetic Antioxidants. Acc. Chem. Res. 43: 1408-1419.
Lehher, A., N. Mamadou, P. Poels, D. Come, C. Bailly, and F. Corbineau, 2008. Change in soluble carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the embryo during aging in wheat grains. J. Cereal Sci. 47(3): 555-565.
Lewitt, J. 2009. Response of plant to environmental stress. Academic .New York. 2: 283-364.
Maehly, B., and Chance, A. 1954. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods of Biochem. Analysis. 1: 357-424.
McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 177-237.
Mittler, R. 2004. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Sci. 7: 405-410.
Moosavi, A., R. Tavakkol Afshari, F. Sharifzadeh, and A. Aynehband, 2009. Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics, polyphenoloxidase, and peroxidase activities of four Amaranth cultivars. J. Food.Agric. Environ. 7: 353-358.
Munns, R. and R. A. James, 2003. Screening methods for alkalinity tolerance: a case study with tetrapod wheat. Plant Soil. 253: 201-218.
Nakano, Y. and K. Asada, 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplast. P. Cell Physiol. 22: 867-880.
Noctor, G. and C.H. Foyer, 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under Control. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 249-279.
Pagter, M., C. Bragato, and H. Brix, 2005. Tolerance and physiological responses of Phragmites australis to water deficit. Aquat. Bot. 81(4):285–299.
Raven, E. L. 2000. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbate, Structural, spectroscopic and mechanistic correlations in asscorbate peroxidase. Su. cell. Biochem. 35: 317-349.
Roberts, E. H. and K. Osei-Bonsu, 1988. Seed and seedling vigour. In World crops: Cool season food legumes. Sprin. Net. 897-910.
Sairam, R. and A. Tyagi, 2004. Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants. Current Sci. 86(3):406-421.
Sheen, S.J. and J. Calvert, 1969. Studies on polyphenol content activities and isoenzymes of polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase during air-curing in three tobacco types. Plant Physiol. 44:199-204.
Sivritepe, H.O. and A.M. Dourado, 1995. The effect of priming treatments on the viability and accumulation of chromosomal damage in aged pea seeds. Ann. Bot. 75(2): 165-171.
Soltani, A., M. Gholipoor, and E. Zeinali, 2006. Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought and salinity. Env. Exp. Bot. 55:195-200.
Srivasta, K. 2001. Shoot regeneration from immature cotyledons of Cicer aretinum. Bio. Plantarum. 44:333-337.
Sung, J.M. and T.I. Jeng, 1994. Lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzymes associated with accelerated aging of peanut seed. Physiol. Plantarum. 914:51-55.
Sveinsdottir, H., F. Yan, and Y. Zhu, 2009. Seed ageing-induced inhibition of germination and post-germination root growth is related to lower activity of plasma membrane H+- ATPase in maize roots. J. Plant Physiol. 166: 128-135.
Szalai, G., T. Janda, and E. Paldi, 2000. Effects of cold acclimation and salicylic acid on changes in ACC and MACC contents in maize during chilling. Bio. Plant, 43:637-640.
Tuna, A., C. Kaya, M. Dikilitas, D. Higgas, 2008. The combined effects of gibberellic acid and salinity on some antioxidant enzyme activities, plant growth parameters and nutritional states in maize plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 62:1-9.
Varier, A., A. Kariakose, and M. Dadlanl, 2010. The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Sci. 99(4): 450-456.
Vitoria, A. P., P.J. Lea, R.A. Azevedo, 2001. Antioxidant enzymes responses to cadmium in radish tissues. Phytochemistry. 57:701-710.
Windauer, L., A. Altuna, and R. Benech-Arnold, 2007. Hydrotime analysis of Lesquerella fendleri seed germination responses to priming treatments. Ind. Crop Prod. 25: 70-74.
Yarniya, M., V. Ahmadzadeh, A. Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi and N. Noori. 2008. Effect of priming and seed size and pigweed extract on germination and growth of soybean. In: Proceedings of the First National Conference on Seed Science and Technology of Iran. University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran. (In Persian)
)