نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه ارومیه،

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و قابلیت ماندگاری بذور یونجه ذخیره شده در شرایط مختلف انبارداری آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی گروه زراعت دانشگاه ارومیه انجام گردید. آزمایش شامل رطوبت نسبی در شش سطح (50، 60، 70، 80 و 90 درصد) و شاهد (رطوبت اتاق) و مدت زمان نگهداری (0، 1، 2، 3، 4، 5، 6، 7، 8، 9 و 10 ماه) با سه تکرار انجام گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی، شاخص‌های رشد گیاهچه، بنیه بذر و قابلیت انبارداری بذور بود. نتایج نشان داد که تمام شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی تحت تأثیر رطوبت نسبی و مدت زمان انبارداری قرار گرفتند. اثر متقابل رطوبت در مدت زمان انبارداری به‌جز یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی بر تمام شاخص‌های مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی در شرایط شاهد (9/96 درصد) بود که بعد از 10 ماه انبارداری به 4/79 درصد رسید. افزایش رطوبت انبار موجب کاهش معنی داری در ضریب و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی شد. سرعت جوانه‌زنی در ماه اول با میانگین 071/0 جوانه در روز، بالاترین مقدار بود که در رطوبت نسبی 90 درصد در 10 ماه بعد از انبارداری به میانگین 018/0 جوانه در روز کمترین مقدار را به خود اختصاص داد

کلیدواژه‌ها

AjamNorouzi, H., A. Soltani, and A.A. Norinia. 2009. Evaluation of effects of seed size and seed deterioration on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. J. Plant Sci. Res. 4(2): 53-60. (In Persian)
Alivand, R., R. Tavakol Afshari, and F. Sharif Zadeh. 2013. Germination Response and Estimation of Seed Deterioration of Brassica napus under Various Storage Conditions. Iranian J. Field Crop Sci. 44(1): 69-83. (In Persian)
Asadi Aghblaghi, M., Gh. Parmoon, and H. Masnaei. 2015. Investigation of the aging effect of aging on germination and seedling growth of pumpkin eggs (Cucurbita Pepo). Iranian J. Seed Res. 5(2): 60- 68. (In Persian)
Bailly, C. 2004. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed Sci Res. 14.93-107.
Balesevic-Tubic, S. 2001. The influence of aging process on seed viability and biochemical changes in sunflower seed. Ph.D. Thesis – University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Yugoslavia).
Basra, S.M, E. Ullah E.A. Warriach, M. Cheema, and A. Afzal .2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds Int. J. Agric. Biol. 5: 111-1120.
Bewley, J.D., K.J. Bradford, H.W. Hilhorst, and H. Nonogaki. 2013. Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, New York. 392 p. Springer, New York–Heidelberg– Dordrecht–London. Seed Sci. Res. 23(4): 289-289.
Bhattacharjee, S., and A.K. Mukherjee. 2003. Implication of reactive oxygen species in heat shock induced germination and early growth impairment in Amaranthus lividus L. Biologia Plantarum. Springer. 47(04):517-522.
Copeland, L.O., and M.B. McDonald. 1985. The chemistry of seeds. Principles of seedscience and technology, 2nd Ed.; Macmillan Publishing Company, Macmillan Inc.: New York: 34–49.
Ellis, R.H., and E.H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of aging and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Technol. 9: 373-409.
Ellis, R.H. and T.D. Hong. 2007. Seed longevity- moisture content relationshipin hermetic and open storage. Seed Sci. Technol. 35: 423-431.
Ghaderi Far, F., A. Soltani, and H.R. Sdeghipour. 2014. Changes in soluble carbohydrates and reactive oxygen species scavenger enzymes activity in Medicinal Pumpkin during storage at different temperature and seed moisture. Electronic journal of Crop Production. 7(1): 157-179. (In Persian)
Gholami Tilebeni, H. and A. Golpayegani. 2011. Effect of seed ageing on physiological and biochemical changes in rice seed (Oryza sativa L.). Int. J. AgriSci. 1(3): 138-143.
Hampton, J.G. 2003. Methods of viability and vigour testing: a critical and appraisal. Pp. 81-118. In: A.S. Basra(ed.). Seed Quality, Basic Mechanisims and Agricultural Implications.CBS Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Hampton, J.G., and D.M. TecKrony, 1995. Handbook of vigor test methods. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich.
Harrington, J.F. 1972. Seed storage and longevity, P 145-245. In: T.T. Kozlowski (ed.) Seed biology. Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York.
Khazaei, H. 2016. Evaluation of Seed Characteristics of Wheat Cultivars Storeed Outdoors before Processing. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 5(1): 39-50. (In Persian)
Khoramdel, S., P. Rezvani Moghadam, A. Amin Ghaforin, and J. Shabahang. 2012. Study effect periiming by salicylic avid and drought stress on germination chractericts of Charnushka. Iraninan Crop Res. 10(4): 709-725. (In Persian)
Larsen, S.U. and F.V. Povlsen. 1998. The influence of seed vigour on field performance and the evaluation of applicability of the controlled deterioration vigour test in oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seed Sci. Technol. 26: 627-41.
Lehner, A., N. Mamadou, P. Poels, D. Come, C. Bailly, and F. Corbineau. 2008. Change in soluble carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activityes in the embryo during aging in wheat grains. J. Cereal Sci. 47(3): 555-565.
Macdonald, C.M., C.D. Floyd, and R.D. Waniska. 2004. Effect of accelerated aging on mazie, Sorghun and sorghum. J. Cereal Sci. 39: 351- 301.
Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination, aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Sci. 2: 176-177.
Mandani, F., Sh. Riahinia, and M. khajeh Hoseini. 2012. Study of the effect of storage time and seed size on seedling and seedling properties of different varieties of wheat. Seed Res. (J. Seed Sci. Technol.). 2(1): 70-78. (In Persian)
Marshal, A., and D.N. Lewis. 2004. Influence of seed storage conditions on seedling emergence, seedling growth and dry matter production of temperate forage grasses. Seed Sci. Technol. 32: 493-501.
McDonald, M. B. (1999). Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 177–237.
Mcdonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, C.A. Morgan, L.A. Sinclair, and R.G. Wilkinson. 2011. Animal Nut. Person Education Limited. Seven Ed.
Mohammadi, H., A. Soltani, H. SAdeghipour, E. Zeinali, and R. Hezarjaribi. 2008. Efeect of deterioration on vegetative growth and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean (Glycine max). J. Agric. Sci. Resour. 15(5):33- 38. (In Persian)
Mujeeb-Kazi A., and J.L. Miranda. 1985. Enhanced resolution of somatic chromosome constriction as an aid to identifying intergeneric hybrids among some Triticeae. Cytologia, 50:701-709.
Murata, M.1., T. Tsuchiya, and E.E. Roos. 1984. Chromosome damage induced by artificial seed aging in barley: 3. chromosomal aberrations during plant growth. 67(2-3):161-70.
Parmoon, Gh., A. Ebadi, and S. Jahanbakhsh Godahkahriz. 2013. Effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on the physiological and biochemical traits of aging milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds. Electron. J. Crop Prod. 7(4): 223-234. (In Persian)
Pradidwong, S., A. Isarasenee, and E. Pawelzik. 2004. Prediction of mungbean seed longevity and qualit using the relationship of seed moisture content and storage temperature. Deutscher Tropentag, October 5-7, Berlin.
Rajjou, L., Y. Lovigny, C. Job, M. Belghazi, S. Groot, and D. Job. 2007. Seed quality and germination. In Seeds: Biology, Development and Ecology [Online]. 324-332. Available at https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845931971.0324.
Rina, R.S. and S. Wahida. 2006. Influence of seed ageing on growth and yield of soybean. Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 21-26.
Roberts, E. H., F. H. Abdalla, and R.J. Owen. 1967. Nuclear damage and the aging of seeds with a model for seed survival curves. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 21:65-100.
Roberts, E.H. 1986. Quantifying seed deterioration. Pp. 101-123. In: M.B. McDONALD JR., and C.J. NELSON (Eds). Physiology of seed deterioration. Madison, Crop Sci. Soc. Am. (Special Publication, 11).
Scott, S. J., R. A. Jones, and W.A. Williams. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sci. 24: 1192-1199.
ISTA, 2013. International rules for seed testing. International Seed Testing Association.
Shabanzadeh, S., S. Siadat, and F. Hosseini. 2008. Effect of seed storage on germination indices and seedling growth of five wheat cultivars. Proc. Int. Congr. Agron. Soc. for Agron. Plant Breed. Karaj. Iran.
Singh, V. 2014. Effect of water stress on microsporogenesis of a cultivated barley. Int. J. Adv. Res. 2(6): 110-115.
Soltani, A., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram Ghaderi. 2008. Effect of seed storage on resource depletion and heterotrophic growth of wheat seedling. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 15: 229-259.
Soltani, A., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram GHaderi. 2008. The effect of seed deterioration on seed reserves depletion and hetroterophic seedling growth of wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Resour. 15(1): 67-76. (In Persian)
Spanò, C., M.R. Castiglione, S. Bottega, and I. Grilli. 2004. Natural ageing of wheat seeds. Curr. Top. Plant Biol. 5: 89–94.
Tabatabaei, S.A. 2014. Determination of seed viability constants in sorghum under various storage conditions. . Iranian J. Field Crop Sci. 45(3): 377-387. (In Persian)
Tajbakhsh, M. 1990. Grain Storage and the Iranian Climate Ph.D. Thesis University of Sulford, England.
Tajbakhsh, M. 1992. Effect of temperature and relative humidity of storage in vitro and chromosomal anomalies of wheat, barley and corn. J. Agric. Sci. 3(1): 78-98.
Verma, M., P.J. Bhat, and K.V. Venkatesh. 2003. Quantitive analysis of GAL genetic switch of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Gal80p results in a highly sensitive response to galactose. J. Biol. Chem. 278(49): 4-9.
Verma, S.S., U. Verma, and R.P.S. Tomer. 2003. Studies on seed quality parameters in deteriorating seedin Brassica (Brassica compestris L). Seed Sci. Technol. 31: 389-396.