اثر تیمارهای شکست خواب و ترکیب بستر کشت بر جوانه‌زنی بذر و مورفولوژی نهال گیاه کور (Capparis spinosa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت (فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی)، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 دانشیارگروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استاد گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 استادیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

دو آزمایش جداگانه به منظور بررسی جنبه‌های زراعی کشت گیاه بومی و دارویی کور و با هدف بررسی تیمارهای موثر در شکست خواب بذر کور (توده مزداوند) و نیز ارزیابی بستر کشت مناسب هم‌راستا با نظام کشاورزی پایدار، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها در آزمایش شکست خواب شامل شاهد (آب مقطر)، سرمادهی مرطوب (به مدت 2 و 3 ماه)، جیبرلین (ppm250 و 500 به مدت 12 ساعت)، نیترات پتاسیم (2/0 و 5/0 درصد به مدت 12 ساعت)، خراش‌دهی با سمباده نرم (85%)، حذف پوسته، هیپوکلریت سدیم 5/0% به مدت 5 دقیقه، خراش‌دهی مکانیکی + جیبرلین ppm250، خراش-دهی مکانیکی + نیترات پتاسیم 2/0% و خراش‌دهی مکانیکی + جیبرلین ppm250 + نیترات پتاسیم 2/0% بودند. تیمارها در آزمایش ارزیابی بستر کشت نیز شامل شاهد، کود‌دامی (گاوی پوسیده)، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود زیستی (فسفونیترو‌کارا) بودند. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش اول، تیمار سرمادهی مرطوب به مدت دو و سه ماه مناسب‌ترین تیمار شکست خواب (با 85% درصد جوانه-زنی و سرعت جوانه‌زنی 5/3 بذر در روز) ارزیابی شد. نتایج ارزیابی بستر کشت نیز نشان داد که بستر کشت حاوی ورمی-کمپوست بیشترین درصد سبز شدن گیاهچه، تعداد برگ و بنیه وزنی گیاهچه و تیمارهای ورمی‌کمپوست و کود دامی بالاترین طول برگ، طول اندام هوایی و وزن خشک گیاهچه را داشتند. ورمی‌کمپوست و کود‌دامی موجب افزایش رشد و بهبود ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی نهال گیاه دارویی کور شدند.

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