نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 گروه مکانیک بیوسیستم دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

به ‌منظور بررسی اثر امواج فراصوت بر شکستن خفتگی بذر گونه‌های تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی در شرایط کنترل شده دو آزمایش جداگانه به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. امواج فراصوت در پنج توان (صفر، 80، 150، 250 و 350 وات) در دو زمان چهار و هشت دقیقه با فرکانس ثابت 20 کیلوهرتز بکار برده شد. دمای سیال آب در حین اعمال فراصوت 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد ثابت بود. علاوه بر امواج فراصوت، تیمارهای رایج شکستن خفتگی شامل سرمادهی (طبیعی، مرطوب و خشک) برای تاتوره و خراش-دهی مکانیکی برای پیچک صحرایی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، بیشینه جوانه‌زنی تجمعی(Gmax) در هر دو گونه علف‌هرز تحت تاثیر تیمارهای فراصوت کاهش پیدا کرد. این تیمار همچنین زمان رسیدن به 50 درصد بیشینه جوانه‌زنی (G50) در گونه تاتوره را افزایش داد. تأثیر تیمارهای فراصوت بر G50 پیچک صحرایی به میزان توان فراصوت وابسته بود، به طوری که فقط توان‌های بالا کاهش G50 را به دنبال داشتند. در مجموع امواج فراصوت روش مناسبی برای شکستن خفتگی بذر گونه‌های تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی نبود، در حالی که سرمادهی طبیعی و خراش‌دهی مکانیکی به‌عنوان بهترین تیمارها، Gmax تاتوره و پیچک صحرایی در مقایسه با شاهد را به ترتیب 49 و 38 درصد افزایش دادند.

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