نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور

3 پژوهشگر، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زوال بذر یکی از عوامل کاهش‌دهنده بنیه و محدودکننده جوانه‌زنی است. به‌منظور بررسی اسموپرایمینگ بر کاهش اثرات زوال بذور در 4 گونه از جنس اسپرس Onobrychis، آزمایش فاکتوریل درقالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در 4 تکرار در گلخانه‌ای موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور به اجرا درآمد. گونه‌های مورد استفاده شامل (O.cristagalli، O.micoxchi، O.sintensii و O.vicifolia) بودند. بذرها در معرض دمای °C41 + و رطوبت 100% در سه بازه زمانی (صفر)، 48 ساعت و 72 ساعت در انکوباتور قرار گرفتند. پس از آزمون پیری‌زودرس ، اثر غلظت‌های صفر و 6/0- و 2/1-) مگاپاسکال پلی‌اتیلن گلایکول بر بازیافت بذرهای زوال یافته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و صفات مرتبط با جوانه زنی بذر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که زوال بذر سبب کاهش صفات جوانه‌زنی در همه گونه‌ها شد. اثر متقابل پرایمینگ در زوال بذر برای اکثر صفات معنی‌دار بود و در گونه O.vicifolia میانگین صفات بذرهای زوال یافته نسبت به سایر گونه‌ها بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که اسموپرایمینگ سبب بهبود میانگین اکثر صفات شد. اثر مثبت غلظت‌های بالاتر اسموپرایمینگ در افزایش طول ریشه و ساقه بذرهای پیر شده چشم‌گیر بود. در ادامه با نمونه‌گیری از گیاهان کشت شده در گلخانه فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز و دیسموتاز در گونه‌های اسپرس بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که زوال بذر سبب کاهش فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز و کاتالاز شد. بذرهای زوال یافته که با PEG پرایم شده بودند دارای فعالیت آنزیمی بیشتری بودند. نتیجه‌گیری شد که کاربرد اسموپرایمینگ‌ سبب افزایش ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده در بذرهای پیر شده اسپرس می‌شوند.

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