نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر ، ایران
چکیده
این آزمایش بهمنظور ارزیابی اثرات اسمو-پرایمینگ بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی، گیاهچهای و برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت شرایط شوری انجام گرفت. بذور دو رقم کلزای بهاره (Hayola 401 و Ocapi) با نیترات پتاسیم (KNO3) 5/29 میلیمولار بهمدت 12 ساعت در دمای 30 درجه سلسیوس پیشتیمار شدند. در آزمایش اول بعد از انجام پرایمینگ، 25 عدد بذر پرایمشده و نشده در پتردیشهایی با 4 سطح شوری (0، 50، 100 و 150 میلیمول نمکطعام) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که درصد جوانهزنی بذور پرایمشده بیش از بذور پرایمنشده بود. بهنظر میرسد که تحمل به شوری در بذور پرایمشده در نتیجه توانمندی بالاتر این گیاهچهها در تنظیم اسمزی است. در آزمایش دوم نیز 20 عدد بذر پرایمشده و نشده در گلدانهابی که با نسبت 3 به 1 با پرلیت و پیت پر شده بودند، کشت شدند. گلدانها هر روز با محلولهای شوری (0، 50، 100 و 150 میلیمول نمکطعام) آبیاری شدند.نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری وزن خشک گیاهچههای هر دو رقم را کاهش داد، اما وزن خشک گیاهچههای حاصل از بذور پرایمشده بیش از بذور پرایمنشده بود. نتایج برهمکنش چند جانبه نیز نشان داد که بذور پرایمشده فعالیت آنزیمی آنتیاکسیدانی بالاتر و محتوای قندهای محلول و پرولین بیشتری داشتند. درعین حال خسارت غشاء سلولی در آنها بهدلیل غلظت کمتر مالوندیآلدئید نسبت به بذور پرایمنشده پایینتر بود. تحت شرایط شوری 150 میلیمول، بیشترین وزن خشک، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی، تجمع قندهای محلول و غلظت کمتر مالوندیآلدئید در رقم هایولا 401 مشاهده شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Abraha, B., & Yohannes, G. (2013). The role of seed priming in improving seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress at field conditions. Agricultural Science, 4, 666–672. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.412089
Aebi, H. E. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 121–126.
Aghbolaghi, M. A., & Sedghi, M. (2014). The effect of halo and hydro priming on germination characteristics of millet seeds under salinity stress. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 47(2), 41–48.
Ahmadpour Dehkordi, S., & Balouchi, H. R. (2012). Effect of seed priming on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane in black cumin (Nigella sativa) seedlings under salinity and drought stress. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 5(4), 63–85. [In Persian]
Ansari, K., Salehi, A., Movahedi Dehnavi, M., & Heidari, S. (2018). Investigating the effect of different seed treatments on germination and activity of some antioxidant enzymes of Echinacea purpurea L. Iranian Journal of Seed Science & Research, 3(3), 1–10. [In Persian]
Ascherman-Koch, C., Hofmann, P., & Steiner, A. M. (1992). Pre-sowing treatment for improving quality in cereals. I. Germination and vigour. Seed Science & Technology, 20, 435–440.
Bates, L. S., Waldre, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205–208. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42932378
Bhattacharjee, S., & Mukherjee, A. K. (2002). Salt stress-induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response, and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science & Technology, 30, 279–287.
Burgass, R. W., & Powell, A. A. (1984). Evidence for repair processes in invigoration of seeds. Annals of Botany, 53, 753–757. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42757439
Christos, A., Spyridon, D., Koutroubas, D., & Fotiadis, S. (2019). Hydro-priming effects on seed germination and field performance of faba bean in spring sowing. Agriculture, 9(9), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090201
Damirkaya, M., Okgu, G., Atak, G. Y., & Kolsarici, O. (2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 24, 291–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001
Dawood, M. G. (2018). Stimulating plant tolerance against abiotic stress through seed priming. In A. Rakshit & H. Singh (Eds.), Advances in Seed Priming. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_10
Ellis, R. A., & Roberts, E. H. (1981). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science & Technology, 9, 373–409.
Farhoudi, R., & Motamedi, M. (2010). Effect of salt stress and seed size on germination and early seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Seed Science & Technology, 38, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2010.38.1.07
Farhoudi, R., Saeedipour, S., & Mohammadreza, D. (2011). The effect of NaCl seed priming on salt tolerance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline and carbohydrate accumulation of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under saline conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 1363–1370.
Farooq, S., & Azam, F. (2006). The use of cell membrane stability (CMS) technique to screen for salt tolerance in wheat varieties. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163, 629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.06.006
Ghanati, F., Morita, A., & Yokota, H. (2002). Induction of suberin and increase of lignin content by excess boron in tobacco cells. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 48, 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2002.10409212
Gholami Tilehbeni, M., Babayan, S., Mosavinik, M., & Ahmadian, A. (2010). Evaluation of heterotrophic growth of rice seedlings and changes in proline and solution sugar concentrations under seed deterioration levels. In 5th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. https://civilica.com/doc/129156
Gholami, S., Salehi, A., & Moradi, A. (2015). Effects of maternal plant nutrition on the absorption of some nutritional elements and germination characteristics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 4(1), 119–118. [In Persian]
Godfery, W. N., Onyango, J. C., & Beck, E. (2004). Sorghum and salinity. II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Science, 44, 806–811. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.8060
Hasegawa, P. M., Bressan, R. A., Zhu, J. K., & Bohnert, H. J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 51, 463–499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.463
Hedge, J. E., & Hofreiter, B. T. (1962). Carbohydrates chemistry (17th ed.). Academic Press.
Ibrahim, E. A. (2016). Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 192, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011
Ikic, I., Maricevic, M., Tomasovic, S., Gunjaca, J., Atovic, Z. S., & Arcevic, H. S. (2012). The effect of germination temperature on seed dormancy in Croatian-grown winter wheat. Euphytica, 188, 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-012-0735-8
Jiang, X. W., Zhang, C. H., Wang, C. R., Xu, G. H., & Zhang, H. Y. (2020). Seed priming improves seed germination and seedling growth of Isatis indigotica Fort. under salt stress. Horticultural Science, 55(5), 647–650. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14854-20
Jumsoon, K., Jeuonlai, C., & Ywonok, J. (1996). Effect of seed priming on the germinability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds under water and saline stress. Journal of Korean Society & Horticulture Science, 37, 516–521.
Kattimani, K. N., Reddy, Y. N., & Rajeswar Rao, B. (1999). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on germination, seedling emergence, seedling vigour, and root yield of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Daunal.). Seed Science & Technology, 27, 483–488.
Kaur, S., Gupta, A. K., & Kaur, N. (2006). Effect of hydro and osmo-priming of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds on enzymes of sucrose and nitrogen metabolism in nodules. Plant Growth Regulation, 49, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9103-9
Keikha, M., Noori, M., & Keshtehgar, A. (2016). Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 7(2), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v7i2.45907
Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Powell, A. A., & Bingham, I. J. (2003). The interaction between salinity stress and seed vigor during germination of soybean seeds. Seed Science & Technology, 31, 715–725. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.20
Maggio, A., Dalton, F., & Piccinni, G. (2002). The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on static and dynamic induced for tomato salt tolerance. European Journal of Agronomy, 16, 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00128-9
McDonald, M. B. (2000). Seed priming. In M. Black & J. D. Bewley (Eds.), Seed technology & biological basis (pp. 287–325). Sheffield Academic Press.
Moosavi, A., Tavakkol-Afshari, R., Sharif-Zadeh, F., & Aynehband, A. (2009). Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities of four amaranth cultivars. Journal of Food and Agronomy Environment, 7(34), 353–358.
Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environment, 25, 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x
Munns, R. A., Gardner, M. L., & Rawson, H. M. (1988). Growth and development in NaCl treated plants. II. Do Na+ or Cl- concentrations in dividing or expanding tissue determine growth in barley? Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9880529
Munns, R., & James, R. A. (2003). Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant & Soil, 253, 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024553303144
Omidi, H., Soroushzadeh, A., Salehi, A., & Ghezeli, F. (2005). Evaluation of osmo-priming pretreatments on germination of rapeseed. Agricultural Science & Technology, 19(2), 1–10.
Paraver, A., Omidi Sadat, H., Ehsannezhad, H., & Amirzadeh, M. (2015). Effect of hydro priming on coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Journal of Seed Ecophysiology, 1(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.22077/SEJ.2015.370
Parker, R. E. (1973). Introductory statistics for biology. Edward Arnold.
Ramezanzadeh Sarasti, N. (2011). Investigating mechanisms of deterioration in cotton seed: Lipid peroxidation and hydrolysis of sugars (Master's thesis, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources). [In Persian]
Razani, M., Mir Mohammadi, T., & Jalilnejad, N. (2016). The effect of polyethylene glycol surfaces on biochemical properties and dry weight of maize plant seed. Third Conference on New Findings in the Environment and Agricultural Ecosystems, New Energy and Environment Institute, University of Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/586845/
Ruan, S., Xue, Q., & Tylkowska, K. (2002). The influence of priming on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed and seedling emergence and performance in flooded soil. Seed Science & Technology, 30, 61-67. Corpus ID: 82067394
Sanchez, F.J., Manzanarcs, M., Andres, R.F., Tcrnorio, J.L., De Ayerbe, L., & De Andres, F.F. (1998). Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crop Research, 59, 225-235.
Shaaban, M. (2016). Effect of aging on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant changes and biochemical characteristics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds cv. Valfajr. Iranian Journal of Seed Science Research, 3(3), 79-93. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.24763780.1395.3.3.8.6 [In Persian]
Shahi, A., Farhoudi, R., & Mosavi, M. (2009). Effect of seed pretreatment on summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) seed germination and seedling characteristics under salinity condition. Seed Science & Biotechnology, 3(1), 5-11.
Sivritepe, N., Sivritepe, H. O., & Eris, A. (2003). The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown under saline condition. Science Horticulture, 97, 229-237. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB
Tavili, A., Safari, B., & Saberi, M. (2008). Comparing the impact of the application of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate on improving germination characteristics of Salsola rigida. Grassland, 3(2), 272-280. [In Persian]
Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovi, L., & Gasparikora, O. (2006). Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relation in two maize. Plant Soil Environment, 52(4), 186-191.
Verma, S. K., Bjpai, G. C., Tewari, S. K., & Singh, J. (2005). Seedling index and yield as influenced by seed size in pigeon pea. Legume Research, 28(2), 143-145.
Wang, W., Peng, S., Chen, Q., Mei, J., Dong, H., & Nie, L. (2016). Effects of pre-sowing seed treatments on establishment of dry direct-seeded early rice under chilling stress. AoB Plants, 8, plw074. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw074
Yonesi, A., Bahadori, A., Azadi, M., & Ansari, O. (2013). The effect of hydro priming and accelerated ageing on germination parameters and catalase enzyme in Panicum miliaceum (Pennisetum americanum L.). Journal of Seed Research, 3(4), 61-70.
)