نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار و عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی
2 دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشلورزی، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
استفاده از فن‌آوری کشت بافت برای تکثیر رویشی یا ریزازدیادی درختان میوه از مهم‌ترین کاربردهای تجاری این شیوه در حوزه کشاورزی و باغبانی میباشد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین بهترین نوع ریز نمونه و شیوه ضدعفونی برای ریز ازدیادی 11 رقم و ژنوتیپ بادام (Prunus dulcis) در سال‌های 8931 تا 0041 اجرا گردید. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی شامل ریز نمونه (خشبی یا علفی)، شیوه ضدعفونی با هیپوکلرید سدیم (غلظت 25% ، 15 دقیقه یا غلظت 50% ،10 دقیقه) و ژنوتیپ/ رقم (ارقام مامایی (M)، شکوفه (SH) و فرانیس (F) و هشت ژنوتیپ اصلاحی) در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار اجراء شد. شیوه ضدعفونی، ریز نمونه، ژنوتیپ /رقم و اثرات متقابل این عوامل، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخهزایی بادام داشتند. در ژنوتیپ های A1، A3، A8، A9 و ارقام شکوفه، مامایی و فرانیس، ریزنمونه خشبی درصد شاخهزایی بالاتری نسبت به ریز نمونه علفی داشت. در ژنوتیپ A1، ریز نمونه خشبی دارای درصد شاخه زایی بالاتری (20/40 ) نسبت به ریزنمونه علفی (12/30) بوده، در ژنوتیپ A7، ریزنمونه علفی منجر به شاخهزایی بالاتری (13/40) نسبت به ریزنمونه خشبی (20/36) شد. در ژنوتیپ های A1، A2، A3، A4 و رقم شکوفه، هیپوکلرید سدیم با غلظت 25% برای 15 دقیقه باعث کاهش شاخهزایی نسبت به غلظت 50 درصد برای 10 دقیقه شده است. اثر متقابل سه عامل ژنوتیپ/رقم، شیوه ضد عفونی و ریز نمونه دارای تاثیر معنی دار بر میزان شاخهزایی بادام بود. سایر ترکیبات ضدعفونی کننده، ریز نمونه‌ها و محیط کشت‌های مختلف در ریزازدیادی بادام درآینده بررسی خواهند شد.
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