نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 1- عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 محقق مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج،
3 - محقق مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج،
چکیده
خلوص‌ژنتیکی به عنوان یکی از ویژگی‌های مهم کیفیت محموله‌های بذری، در استانداردهای ملی کشورهای تولیدکننده -بذر برای دستیابی به خصوصیات مطلوب و پایدار ارقام زراعی مورد توجه واقع شده‌است. بر اساس استاندارد ملی بذر نخود، تعیین میزان سایر ارقام در نمونه بذری به عنوان یکی از آزمون‌های مهم کیفی بذر تلقی می‌شود که این ویژگی، با تأکید بر مشخصات ظاهری قابل تشخیص در آزمایشگاه بررسی می شود. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی ویژگی‌ها و تفاوت‌های ظاهری و ژنتیکی بذور خارج از تیپ بذرهای نخود پرداخته است. نتایج نشان داد بذرهایی که به عنوان خارج از تیپ در نظرگرفته شدند از نظر مورفولوژیکی حداقل در یکی از صفات اندازه‌گیری شده با شاهد اختلاف داشتند. این بذرها از نظر رنگ، شکل، میزان زبری سطح بذر و شیار روی بذر با بذر اصلی اختلاف داشتند و شاخص‌های منتخب در بذرهای نسل اول و دوم مشابه بود وتفاوت آنها با نمونه‌های بذر شاهد محرزگردید. نتایج آزمون مولکولی نیز مؤید نتایج بررسی‌های مورفولوژیک بود و نمونه‌هایی که از نظر مورفولوژیک در ارقام عادل، منصور، آرمان خارج از تیپ تشخیص داده شدند در مطالعات مولکولی با استفاده از نشانگرهای ریزماهواره H3F09، H3C11 و H1A06، حداقل در یک جایگاه ریزماهواره و حداکثر در شش جایگاه با ارقام شاهد اختلاف نشان دادند.
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