Baskin, C.C., J.M. Baskin, and G.R. Hoffman. ١٩٩٢. Seed dormancy in the prairie forb Echinacea
angustifolia (Asteraceae): afterripening pattern during cold stratification. International. Journal of Plant
Science. ١٥٣(٢): ٢٣٩–٢٤٣.
Copeland L.O and M.B. McDonald. ٢٠٠١. Principles of Seed Science and Technology. Dordrecht, The
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Eisvand, H.R., H.M. Arefi and R.Tavakol-Afshari. ٢٠٠٦. Effects of various treatments on breaking seed
dormancy of Astragalus siliquosus. Seed Science and Technology. ٣٤ (٣): ٧٤٧-٧٥٢.
Fang,s., J. Wang, Z.Wei and Z. Zhu. ٢٠٠٦. Methods to break seed dormancy in Cyclocarya paliurus
(Batal) Iljinskaja, Scientia Horticulturae. ١١٠: ٣٠٥–٣٠٩.
Farhoudi, R., M.T. Makkizadeh, F. Sharifzadeh, M. Kochak por and S. Rashidi. ٢٠٠٧. Study of
dormancy-breaking of Madder seed (Rubia tinctorum), Seed Science and Technolology .٣٥: ٧٣٩-٧٤٣.
Fu,S.M, J.G. Hampton, M.J. Hill and K.A. Hill .١٩٩٦. Breaking hard seed of yellow and slender
serradella (Ornithopus compressus and O.pinnatus) by sulfuric acid scarification. Seed Science and
Technology.٢٤:١-٦.
Garcı´a-Gusano, M., P. Martı´nez-Go´mez and F. Dicenta. ٢٠٠٤. Breaking seed dormancy in almond
(Prunus dulcis). Scientia Horticulturae. ٩٩: ٣٦٣–٣٧٠.
Gerami,B. ١٩٩٨. Gaz of Khunsar: The main of Persia. Economic Botany ٥٢(٢): ١٨٣-١٩١.
Kirmizi, S., G. Guleruz and H. Arsalan. ٢٠١٠. Effects of moist chilling, gibberellic acid, and scarification
on seed dormancy in the rare endemic Pedicularis olympica. Turkish Journal of Botany. ٣٤:٢٣٥-٢٤٢.
Kondo, T. and A.Takeuchi.٢٠٠٤. Breaking seed dormancy and growth after germination of Astragalus
adsurgens (Leguminosae), a rare species in Hokkaido. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation
Technology.٢٩(٤): ٤٩٥-٥٠٢.
Kyauk, H., N.W Hopper and R.D. Brigham. ١٩٩٥. Effect of temperature and pre-soaking on germination,
root length and shoot length sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Environmental Experimental Botany. ٣٥: ٣٤٥–
٥١.
Mackay,W.A., T.D. Davis and D.Sankhala. ٢٠٠١. Influence of scarification and temperature on seed
germination of Lupinus arboreus. Seed Science and Technology.٢٩:٥٤٣-٥٤٨.
Martin,I and C. De La Cuadar. ٢٠٠٤. Evalution of different scarification methods to remove hard seedness
in Trifolium subterraneum and Medicago polymorpha accessions of the spanish base genebank. Seed
Science and Technology. ٣٢:٦٢١-٦٨١.
Pandita, V.K., S. Nagarajan and D. Sharma. ١٩٩٩. Reducing hard seededness in fenugreek by
scarification technique. Seed Science and Technology. ٢٧ (١):٦٢٧-٦٣١.
Rehman, S., R.N. Loescher and P.J.C. Harris. ١٩٩٩. Dormancy breaking and germination of Acacia
saliciina seeds. Seed Science and Technology, ٢٧(٢): ٥٥٣–٥٥٧.
Rinko, R., N.R. Culebro, F.A. Gutierreza-Micel and L. Dendoveen. ٢٠٠٣. Scarification of seeds of
Accasia angustissima and its effect on germination. Seed Science and Technology.٣١: ٣٠١–٣٠٧.
Sato, A. and Okubo,H. ٢٠٠٦. Increase in the expression of an alpha amylase gene and suger accumulation
induced during cold period in Hyacinth bull. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science.
١٣١(٢):١٨٥-١٩١.
Stout, D. ١٩٩٨. Rapid and synchoronus germination of Cicer milkvetch seed following -diurnal temperature
priming. Crop Science,١٨١:٢٦٣-٢٦٩.
Schelin, M., M.Tigabu, I.Eriksson,, L.Swadago and P.C.Oden. ٢٠٠٣. Effect of scarification, gibberllic
acid and dry heat treatments on the germination of Balanties Egyptian seed from the Sudanian savanna in
Burkina Faso. Seed Science and Technology. ٣١:٦٠٥–٦١٧.
Scott, S.J., R.A. Jones and W.A. Williams. ١٩٨٤. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination.
Crop Science. ٢٤:١١٩٢-١١٩٩.
Tigabu,M. and P.C.Oden. ٢٠٠١. Effect of s carification, gibberellic acid and temperature on seed
germination of two multipurpose Albizia species from Ethiopia. Science and Technology.٢٩:١١-٢٠.
Xiao. Z., R. Storms and A.Tsang. ٢٠٠٦. A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase
and glucoamylase activities. Analytical Biochemistry. ٣٥١: ١٤٦-١٤٨.
Yamauchi, Y., M.Ogawa, A.Kuwahara, A. Hanada, Y.Kamiya and S. Yamaguchi. ٢٠٠٤. Activation of
gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathways by low temperature during imbibition of Arabidopsis
thaliana seeds. Plant Cell. ١٦: ٣٦٧-٣٧٨.
)