مدل‌سازی زمان رطوبتی و تعیین آستانه تحمل به شوری و خشکی جوانه‌زنی گونه‌های مختلف ریحان (Ocimum basilicum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 ، دانشگاه زابل

3 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه تأثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه و برازش مدل هیدروتایم و آستانه تحمل به شوری دو گونه مختلف ریحان، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1394 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو گونه ریحان ، نمک‌های مختلف و پتانسیل‌های مختلف (0، 3-، 6- و 9-) بود. نتایج خروجی مدل نشان داد که سرعت جوانه‌زنی در شرایط تنش خشکی در گیاه ریحان قرمز (32/37 = θH) نسبت به ریحان بنفش (20/106 = θHبیشتر و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی برای ریحان بنفش ( نسبت به ریحان قرمز (44/1 =σψb) کمتر بود. از نظر مقاومت به خشکی ( ریحان قرمز نسبت به ریحان بنفش بیشتر بود. آستانه تحمل به شوری در مرحله جوانه‌زنی نشان داد، در ریحان بنفش در تیمارهای NaCl، K2SO4 و NaCl+K2SO4 به ترتیب دارای استانه تحمل 59/0-، 13/0- و 87/0- بار و در ریحان قرمز در تیمارهای فوق به ترتیب برابر با 31/0-، 25/0 - و 88/2 - بار بود. تنش شوری و خشکی موجب کاهش در رشد گیاهچه و شاخص قدرت بذر شد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان استفاده از ذخایر در مورد ریحان بنفش به ترتیب از نمک NaCl و استفاده همزمان از NaCl+K2SO4 مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که بیشترین میزان استفاده از ذخایر در مورد ریحان قرمز از نمک K2SO4 و کمترین مقدار از کاربرد NaC1 به‌دست آمد. بالاترین شاخص وزنی قدرت ریحان بنفش از پتانسیل اسمزی صفر مشاهده شد. کمترین شاخص وزنی ریحان بنفش نیز از پتانسیل 9- مانیتول حادت شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Abdul-Baki, A.A., and J.D. Anderson, 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Sci. 13: 630-633.
Adigzel, A., M. Gulluce, M. Sengul, H. Ogutcu, and I. Karaman, 2005. Antimicrobial Effects of Ocimum basilicum (Labiatae) Extract. Turkish J. Biol. 29: 155-160.
Alimagham, S. M., and F. Ghaderifar, 2014. Hydrotime model: Introduction and application in researches seed. Environ. Stresses Crop Sci. 7(1): 41- 52. (In Persian)
Alizadeh, A. 1995. Plants soil and-water relationships. Astan Quds Razavi the University of Imam Reza (AS). (In Persian)
Almansouri, M., J.M. Kinet, and S., Lutts, 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant Soil. 231: 243–254.
Alvarado, V., and, K. J. A.  Bradford, 2002. Hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 1061–1069.
Armin, M., and H. Ajamnoroozi, 2014. The effect of seed priming on germination and heterotrophic wheat seedling in the drought and salinity stress conditions. J. Seed Res. 3. 52-59. (In Persian)
Balbaki, R.Z., R.A. Zurayk, M.M. Blelk, and S.N. Tahouk, 1999. Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 291-302.
Barzegar, A., and M. Rahmani, 2004. The effecs of som of strss viermental on instigation germination on Hyssopus officinalis. Abstracts of articles the Second Symposium of Medicinal Plants University of Shahed. Page 67. (In Persian)
Bradford, K.J. 1990. A water relation analysis of seed germination rates. Plant Physiol. 94: 840-849.
Bradford, K.J. 1997. The hydrotime concept in seed germination and dormancy, pp 349-360. In: Ellis, R.H., Black, M., Murdoch, A.J., Hong, T.D. (eds.), Basic. Applied Aspect. Seed Biology, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Bradford, K. J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci. 50: 248–260.
Bradford, K.J., and O.A., Somasco, 1994. Water relations of lettuce seed thermo inhibition. I. Priming and endosperm effects on base water potential. Seed Sci. Res. 4: 1–10.
Bradford, K.J., and D.W. Still, 2004. Application of hydro time analysis in seed testing. Seed Sci. Technol. 26: 74-85.
Bromanderazazadeh, Z., and A.R. Kocheki, 2006. Seed Germination response Ajowan, fennel and dill of osmotic and matric potentials of sodium chloride and PEG 6000 in different temperatures. Iranian Agron. Res. 3 (2): 207- 217. (In Persian)
Burnham, K. P., and D.R. Anderson, 2002. Model selection and multimodal inference: A practical information- theoretic approach. Springer, New York, USA.
Chauhan, B.S., G. Gill, and C. Preston, 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of annual sow thistle. (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia. Weed Sci. 54: 854-860.
Coolbear, P. 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment on the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 35:1609-1617.
Dadras, N., H. Besharati, and A. Ketabchi, 2012. The effects of salinity stress caused by the sodium chloride on growth and the biological nitrogen stabilization in the three soybean varieties. J. Soil Res. (Soil and the water). 26(2): 165-174. (In Persian)
Dahal, P., and K.J. Bradford, 1990. Effects of priming and endosperm integrity on seed germination rates of tomato genotypes. II. Germination at reduced water potential. J. Exp. Bot. 41: 1441–1453.
El-Sharkawi, H. M., K. A. Farghali, and S. A. Sayed, 1989. Interactive Effects of Water Stress, Temperature and Nutrients in Seed Germination of Tree Desert Plants. Academic Press of Egypt. 231-233.
Gama, P.B.S., S. Lnanaga, K. Tanaka, and R. Nakazawa, 2007. Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedling to salinity stress. African J. Biotechnol. 6: 79-88.
Ghaderi, Sh., J. Ghorbani, P. Golami, A. Karimzadeh, and F. Salarian, 2011. The effects of drought and salinity stress on the germination indices of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.). J. Agro. 3(1):130-121. (In Persian)
Ghoulam, C., A. Foursy, and K. Fares, 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environ. Exp. Bot. 47: 39-50.
Godfery, W. N., J.C. Onyango, and E. Beck. 2007. Sorghum and salinity: 2. Gas exchange and chlorophyl11 fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sci. 44: 806-811.
Grundy, A.C., K. Phelps, R.J. Reader, and S. Burston, 2000. Modeling the germination of Stellaria media using the concept of hydrothermal time. New Phytol, 148: 433-444.
Guerke, W.R., T. Gutormson, D. Meyer, M. McDonald, D. Mesa, J.C. Robinson, and D. TeKrony, 2004. Application of hydrotime analysis in seed testing. Seed Sci. Technol. 26 (1): 75-85.
Gummerson, R.J., 1986. The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potentials on the germination of sugar beet. J. Exp. Bot. 37: 729–741.
Hassani, A. 2005. Polyethylene glycol induced water stress on basil seed. J. Med. Arom. Plants Res. Iran. 4(21): 535-544. (In Persian)
Hosseini, H., and P. Rezvani Moghadam, 2006. Effect of water and salinity stress in seed germination on Isabgol (Plantago ovata). Iranian J. Agric. Res. 4(1): 15-22. (In Persian)
Huarte, H.R., and R.L. Benech-Arnold, 2005. Incubation under fluctuating temperatures reduces mean basewater potential for seed germination in several non-cultivated species. Seed Sci. Res. 15: 89–97.
Huarte, R.H., 2006. Hydrotime analysis of the effect of fluctuating temperatures on seed germination in several non-cultivated species. Seed Sci. Technol. 34: 533-547.
Hucl, P. 1993. Effect of temperature and moisture stress on the germination of diverse common bean genotypes. Canadian J. Plant Sci. 73: 697-702.
Jaleel, C. A., R. Gopi, P. Manivannan, and R. Panncerselvam, 2007. Ant oxidative potentials as a protective mechanism in Catharanthus roseus. Turkish J. Bot. 31: 245-251.
Jamil M, D.B. Lee, K.Y. Jung, M. Ashraf, S.C. Lee, and E.S. Rha, 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetables. J. Central European Agric. 7 (2): 273-282.
Javadi, H., M.H. Saghafoleslami, and G.R. Mosavi, 2014. The effect of salinity on germination and early primal seedling growth of four species of medicinal plants. J. Iran Crop Res. 12(1): 53-64. (In Persian)
Kaboli, M.M. and M. Sadeghi, 2002. The effect of drought stress on the germination of three species of sainfoin. Pajouhesh va Sazandeg. 18: 21-54. (In Persian)
Kafi, M., A. Nezami, H. Hoseyni, and A. Masoomi, 2009. Physiological effects of drought stress by polyethylene glycol on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes. J.  Iranian Field Crop Res. 1(3): 69-79 (In Persian)
Kaya, M.D., G. Okcu, M. Atak, Y. Cıkılı, and O. Kolsarıcı, 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European J. Agron. 24: 291-295.
Kebreab, K., and A.J. Murdoch, 1999. Modeling the effects of water stress and temperature on germination rate of Orobanche aegyptiacaseeds. J. Exp. Bot. 50: 655-664.
Khalid, A., S. Kh, F. Hendawy, and E. El-Gezawy, 2006. Ocimum basilicum L. Production under Organic Farming. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 2(1): 25-32.
Khamari, I., Sh. Sarani, and M. Dahmardeh, 2007. The Effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth in the six species of medicinal plants. Quarterly Scientific-research periodical Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Iran, 23(3): 339-331. (In Persian)
Khodadadi, M. 2002. The study Effects of salinity and the of seed preparation on physiological and morphological characteristics varieties of onion. PhD Thesis. Department of Horticulture, University of Madras. (In Persian)
Maas, E.V., and G.J. Hoffmann, 1977. Crop salt tolerance-current assessment. J. Irrig. Drainage Div., ASCE 103 (IR2): Pp: 115-134.
Majnoonhoseini, N. and S. Davazdahemami, 2007. Agronomic Production some of medicinal plants and spicily Emissions university of Tehran. Pp. 300. (In Persian)
Manchanda, G., and N. Garg, 2008. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiol. Plant, 30: 595-618.
McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration. Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Technol. 27: 177-237.
Mehrabi, A. A., B. Yazdisamadi, M.R. Naghavi, M. Omidi, andR. Tavakolafshari, 2007. Abscisic acid and kinetin effects on seed germination and seedling early growth of wheat under salinity stress. Res. Construction, 77: 83-93.
Mosleharai, A. G.R. Bakhshi- khaniki, N. Nemati, and M. Soltani, 2010. The effects of salt stress on germination and Seed Vigour in the three of salsola species of (Salsola arbuscula, Salsola yazdiana, Salsola abarghuensis). J. genetic. plant breeding rangeland and forest, 18(2): 279-267. (In Persian)
Omidbeigi, R. 2005. Production and processing of medicinal plants. The second volume, published by the behnashr, Mashhad, 438 pages. (In Persian)
Panahy, M., KH. Akbarim, J. Rostakhize, and M. Golbash, 2013. Response genotypes safflower to salt stress of traits germination and first growth seedling. Iranian Seed Sci. Technol. 212-222. (In Persian)
Parida, A. K., B. Das, B. Mittra, and P. Mohanty, 2005. Salt-stress induced alterations in protein profile and protease activity in the mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora L. Z Naturforsch. 59: 408-414.
Parmoon, GH, A. Ebadi, andM. Asadi, 2015. The effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling establishment-some of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and Echinops (Echinopscandidus). Iranian Seeds Sci. Technol. 4 (1): 52- 39. (In Persian)
Parmoon, Gh., A. Ebadi, and H. Tavakoli, 2014. Effects after repining and some properties of maternal plants on germination and seed vigor of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (. Seed Sci. Res. 4(2): 51-52.  (In Persian)
Rassam, G. and A. Dadkhah, 2013. The Effect of Drought Stress on Germination and Heterotrophic Seedling Growth Characteristics of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). J. Agron. Sci. 6(9): 13-24.
Safarnezhad, A., M. Salami, and H. Hamidi, 2007. Morphological characterization of medicinal plants Plantago major and ovata to salinity stress. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandeg) .27: 77-88. (In Persian)
Saghafol-eslsmi, M.J. 2010. Effects of salinity on Germination of Satureja (Satureja hortensis L), of chicory (Cynara scolymus L.) and artichoke (Cichorium intybus L). J. Agron. Res. 8(5): 823-818. (In Persian)
Sairam, R. K., G.C. Srivasta, S. Agarwal, andR.C. Meena, 2005. Difference in antioxidant activity in response to salinity stress in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Biol. Planetarium, 49 (1): 85-91.
Sarmadnian, G. 1996. Seed technology. (Translation). Vol.1. Mashhad University Jihad Publications. Page 228. (In Persian)
Sedghi, M, A. Nemati,B. Amanpour-Balaneji, and A.Gholipouri, 2010. Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Applied Sci. J. 11 (5): 604- 609, 2010
Seong, R.C., Y. Park, and J.Y. Chol, 1990. Effects of temperature, Polyethylene glycol and Sulphuric acid treatments on germination of Chinese milkvetch. Korean J.  Crop Sci. (35) 248-253.
Soltani, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zainali, and N. Latifi, 2001. Germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of chickpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Sci. Technol. 30: 51-60.
Soltani, E., B. Kamkar, S. Galeshi, and F. Akram-Ghaderi, 2008. The effectdeterioration ofSeed on the seed and of the depletion of growth of heterotrophic of wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Natural Reso. 15(1):26-38. (In Persian)
Springer, T.L. 2005. Germination and early seedling growth of chaffy-seeded grasses at negative water potentials. Crop Sci. 45: 2075-2080.
Still, D.W., and K.J. Bradford, 1998. Using hydrotime and ABA-time models to quantify seed quality of brassicas during development. J. American Soc. Horti. Sci. 123: 692-699.
Tester, M. and R. D. Venport, 2003. Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Annual Bot. 91: 503-527.
Uniyal, R. C., M. R. Uniyal, and P. Jain, 2002. Cultivation of medicinal plants in India. A reference book.
Watt, M.S., V. Xu, and M. Bloomberg, 2010. Development of a hydrothermal time seed germination model which uses the Weibull distribution to describe base water potential. Ecolo.Modelling, 221: 1267–1272.
Windauer, L., A. Altuna, and R. Benech-Arnold, 2007. Hydrotime analysis of Lesquerella fendleri seed germination responses to priming treatments. Industrial Crops Products, 25: 70-74.
Zeinali, A., A. Soltani and S. Galeshi. 2002. Seed germination response of canola to salinity stress. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 33(1): 137-145. (In Persian)