اثر پیش تیمار بذر بر افزایش تحمل گیاهچه آفتابگردان در خاک‌های آلوده به سرب در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو/ دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 عضو هیأت علمی/ دانشگاه شهرکرد

4 عضو هیأت علمی/ دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

در خاک‌های آلوده استقرار ضعیف گیاهچه و در نتیجه محدویت زیست توده گیاه، کارآیی فناوری گیاه‌پالایی را کاهش می‎دهد. در این پژوهش، اثر سطوح مختلف پیش‎تیمار بذر ( سالیسیلیک اسید، نیترات پتاسیم و شاهد) و 3 غلظت سرب شامل (صفر، 200، 400 و 600 میلی‌گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک) بر رشد گیاهچه‎ای آفتابگردان بررسی گردید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال 1393 اجرا شد. بطور کلی صفات مورد مطالعه با افزایش غلظت سرب به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. در سمی‌ترین غلظت سرب تیمارهای نیترات پتاسیم و سالیسیلیک اسید مانع از کاهش 42% وزن خشک ریشه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. تیمار نیترات پتاسیم از کاهش وزن خشک برگ و کلرفیل a (به ترتیب 24% و 60%) تیمار و سالیسیلیک اسید از کاهش کلرفیلb (55%) نسبت به بذور پرایم نشده جلوگیری کرد. وزن خشک ساقه با تیمارهای پرایمینگ بذر تغییر معنی‎داری نشان نداد. به موازات افزایش غلظت سرب میزان کاراتنوئید، پرولین و نشت یونی گیاهچه افزایش یافت. این در حالی است تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید موجب کاهش 21% نشت الکترولیتی شد. تیمار نیترات پتاسیم مانع از افزایش 24% کاروتنوئید گردید ولی میزان پرولین از 104 به 111 میکرومول بر گرم افزایش داد. بطور کلی نتیجه‎گیری می‎شود که کاربرد سالییلیک اسید و نیترات پتاسیم با کاهش میزان کاروتنوئید و نشت الکترولیتی و افزایش محتوای پرولین بردباری گیاهچه آفتابرگردان را به سمیت سرب افزایش می‎دهد.

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