نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه تبریز،، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به اهمیت تغذیه مناسب گیاه مادری در تولید بذرهایی با بنیه قوی، آزمایشی در سال 1394 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تکرار به منظور ارزیابی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذور آرتیشو حاصله از پایه‌های مادری تیمار شده با سطوح مختلف کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی انجام شد. بذرهای مورد استفاده در آزمایش از مزرعه‌ای که در سال قبل مقادیر مختلف کود شیمیایی در سه سطح (توصیه شده بر اساس آزمون خاک با درصد‌های 100، 50 و شاهد) و کود زیستی در چهار سطح (بارور 2، نیتروکسین، بارور 2+ نیتروکسین و شاهد) را دریافت کرده بودند به دست آمدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن هزار دانه، سرعت جوانه زنی، درصد جوانه زنی، شاخص بنیه بذر، وزن خشک ساقه چه، وزن خشک ریشه چه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، طول ساقه چه، طول ریشه چه و طول گیاهچه به سطح اثرات باقیمانده 100% کود شیمیایی+ 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن تکمیلی اختصاص داشت و در بین سطوح کود زیستی، سطح تلقیح توام بذور با کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و بارور 2 بیشترین مقدار صفات مذکور را داشتند و بالاترین متوسط زمان جوانه زنی مربوط به بذرهایی بود که بوته مادری آنها با هیچ نوع کودی تغذیه نشده بود. در مجموع نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی همراه با کودهای زیستی می‌تواند از طریق افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی از جمله نیتروژن و فسفر منجر به بهبود اکثر شاخص‌های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه آرتیشو شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Aboutalebian, M.A., and M. Elahi. 2015. Replacement of phosphate fertilizer application by bio-fertilizers in chickpea production under on-farm seed priming conditions. Iranian J. Field Crop Sci. 46(3): 381-394. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Agha alikhani, M., and H. Asharin. 2012. Eeffect of nitrogen application rate in the field on germination indices of three winter canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in standard germination test. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 1(1): 10-19. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Aghighi Shahverdi, M., B. Mamivand, and H. Ataee Samagh. 2015. Effect of seed pre-treatment with growth promoting bacteria on germination indices of Basil's medicinal plant under salt stress. IJSR. 4 (13): 38-50. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Aksu, Ö., and B. Altinterim. 2013. Hepatoprotective effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Bilim ve Genclik Dergisi. 1(2): 44-49.
Amin Zare, S., B. Pourdehghan, and B. Abbaszadeh. 2015. The effect of chemical fertilizers, manure and bio-stimulants on seed germination of Nepeta pogonosperma L. The first conference of medicinal plants and herbal medicines. July 29, Tehran - Beheshti University.
Amiri, M.B., P. Rezvani Moghaddam, and M. Jahan. 2018. Evaluation of germination characteristics and seeling Growth of Iranian Ox-Tongue (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) seed resulting from the rootstock treatmented by biological and chemical fertilizers in different planting dates and methods. Iranian J. Seed Sci. 7(1): 181-199. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Balkaya, A. 2004. Modeling the effect of temperature on the germination speed in some legume crops. AGRON J. 3: 179-183.
Bikian, M., M.R. Haj Seyyed Hadi, and B. Delkhosh. 2008. Effect of different levels of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on some of morphological characteristics of seeds resulting from Silybum marianum. J. Plants & Ecosystems. 16: 46-60. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Ceccarelli, N., M. Curadi, P. Picciarelli, L. Martelloni, C. Sbrana, and M. Giovannetti. 2010. Globe artichoke as functional food. Med J Nutrition Metab. 3: 197-201.
Christaki, E., E. Bonos, and P. Florou-Paneri. 2012. Nutritional and functional properties of Cynara Crops (Globe Artichoke and Cardoon) and their potential applications: A Review. IJAST. 2(2): 64-70.
Dosi, R., A. Daniele, V. Guida, L. Ferrara, V. Severino, and A. Di Maro. 2013. Nutritional and metabolic profiling of the globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. 'Capuanella' heads) in province of Caserta, Italy. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 7: 1927-1934.
Esanejad, N.S., S. Maleki Farahani, and A. Rezazadeh. 2017. Evaluation the effect of maternal growth environment on survival of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.). Iranian J. Field Crop Sci. 48(1): 233-242. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Fallah, S., B. Omrani, and A, Espanani. 2016. The germination response of purslane seeds from parental plants fed with different sources fertilizer to cadmium toxicity. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Res. 3(3): 51-65). (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Farhadi, A., G. Daneshian, A. Hamidi, A.H. Shyranyrad, and S.A. Valadabad. 2015. Effect of irrigation inerval and different nitrogen rates on parent plant nutrition and seed vigor and some related traits of hybrid maize single cross 704 in Kermanshah. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 4(2): 119-136. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Gholami Gangeh, S., A. Salehi, and A. Moradi. 2015. Effects of maternal plant nutrition on the absorption of some nutritional elements and germination characteristicsof Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Iranian Iranian J. Seed Sci. 4(1): 109-118. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Gholami, A., S. Shahsavani, and S. Nezarat. 2009. The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. INT J AGR BIOL ENG. 37: 2070-3740.
Hadavizadeh, A., and R.A.T. George. 2007. The effect of mother plant nutrition on seed vigor as determined by the seed leachate conductivity in pea, cultivar Sprite. J. Seed Sci. Technol. 16: 589-599.
He, H., D, Vidigal, L.B. Snoek, S. Schnabel, H. Nijveen, H. Hilhorst, and L. Bentsink. 2014. Interaction between parental environment and genotype affects plant and seed performance in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 65(22): 6603–6615.
Heidari, M., and H. Jahantighi. 2014. Evaluate the effect of water stress and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on seed quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L). Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 11(4): 640-647.
(In Persian, with English Abstract)
(In Persian, with English Abstract)
Heidarian, E., and Y. Soofiniya. 2011. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of aerial part of Cynara scolymus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rats. J. Med. Plant Res. 5(13): 2717-2723.
Hemati, M., M. Amini Dehaghi, H. Ataei Samagh, M. Aghighi Shahverdi, Z. Kobra Pishva, and S.H. Shafiee Adib. 2017. Effect of temperature and growth stimulating bacteria on germination indices and Chickpea seedling growth (Cichorium intybus L.). Seed Res. 6 (18):47-56. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
ISTA, 2013. Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jahanian, A., M.R. Chaichi, K. Rezaei, K. Rezayazdi, and K. Khavazi. 2012. The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Germination and Primary Growth of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus). IJACS. 4(14): 923-929.
Krishna, A., C.R. Patil, S.M. Raghavendra, and M.D. Jakati. 2008. Effect of bio-fertilizers on seed germination and seedling quality of medicinal plants. Karnataka J. Agric. & Sci. 21(4): 588-590.
Lioyd, A., J. Webb, J. R. Archer, and R.S. Bradly. 1997. Urea as a nitrogen fertilizer for cereals. J AGRON CROP SCI. 128: 263-271.
Mastouri, F., T.H. Björkman, and G.E. Harman. 2010. Seed treatment with trichoderma harzianum alleviates biotic, abiotic, and physiological stresses in germinating seeds and seedlings. Biol Control. 100(11): 1213-1221.
Miceli, A., and P. De Leo. 1996. Extraction, characterization and utilization of artichoke-seed oil. Bioresour. Technol. 57(3): 301-302.
Moeinzadeh, A., F. Sharif-Zadeh, M. Ahmadzadeh, and F. Heidari Tajabadi. 2010. Biopriming of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) seed with Pseudomonas fluorescens for improvement of seed invigoration and seedling growth. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 4(7): 564-570.
Mohammadzadeh, A., H. Majidi Dizaj, M. Ghaffari, N. Majnoun Hosseini, M. Madadizzadeh, E. Khoda Rezaei, and M. Sajjadian. 2015. Effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on seed vigor of red kidney bean (Phaseolus calcaratus L.). Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 4(1): 1-13. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Moradian, Z., F. Azadbakht, H. Omidi, and R. Bashmakani. 2017. Effect of Trichoderma growth stimulators and Trichoderma Fungi on Lallemantia royleana L. germination under Salt Stress. Seed Res. 6 (21): 39-46. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Naiji, M., and M.K. Souri. 2018. Nutritional value and mineral concentrations of sweet basil under organic compared to chemical fertilization. ACTA SCI POL-HORTORU. 17(2): 167–175.
Omer, E.A., and M.E. Ebrahim. 1995. Effect of spacing, nitrogen and potassium fertilization on Silybum marianum. Horticulture, 66: 132-137. Pollock, B.M., Ross, E.E., 1972. Seed and Seedling Vigour. Seed Biology, Academic Press.
Oskouie, B., and M. Divsalar. 2011. The effect of mother plant nutrition on seed vigor and germination in rapeseed. JABS. 6 (5): 49-56.
Popescu, C., G. Găgeanu, A. Pruteanu, L. GăgeanuVoicea Popa, and V. Vlăduţ. 2014. Possibilities to valorize artichoke under the cultivation conditions in Romania. Anallelle Universităţii din Craiiova, seria Agricultură - Montanologie - Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIV. 168-174.
Raissi, A., M. Galavi, M. Ramroudi, S.R. Mousavi, and M. Rasoulizadeh. 2012. Effects of phosphate bio-fertilizer, organic manure and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed capabilities of isabgol (Plantago ovate). IJACS. 4 (24): 1821-1826.
Salar, M., H. R. Mobasser, and A. Ghanbari-Malidarreh. 2013. Effects of nitrogen and potassium rates of mother plant on seed N and K content, germination and seedling growth of rice seeds. AEB. 7(1): 147-151.
Salehi, A., A. Ghalavand, F. Sefidkon, and A. Asgharzade. 2011. The effect of zeolite, PGPR and vermicompost application on N, P, K concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). J. Med. Aromat. Plants. 27(2): 188-201. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Sawan, Z.M. 2013. Direct and residual effects of plant nutrition’s and plant growth retardants, on cotton seed. Agric. Sci. 4(12A). 66-88.
Sawan, Z.M., B. R. Greeg, and S.E. Yousef. 1998. Influence of nitrogen fertilisation and foliar-applied of plant growth retardants and zinc on cotton seed yield, viability and seedling vigour. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 26: 393-404.
Seyed Sharifi, R., and H. Nazarli. 2013. Effects of nitrogen and need biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, rate and effective grain filling period of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). SAPS. 23(2): 19-36.
Shahi, A., B. Abdalrahmani, N. Moheb Ali Pour, and G. Valizadeh. 2011. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on germination, vigor and seedling establishment in the parent of wheat plants Azar- 2 under rainfed conditions in the laboratory. Regional Conference of ecophysiology crop ecophysiology, Islamic Azad University Shushtar Branch.
Souri, M., M. Arab, G. Tohidloo, and A. Kashi. 2017. Effect of some seed priming treatments on germination quality of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) seeds. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 5(2): 85-94. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Souri, M.K. 2016. Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review. Open Agric. 1: 118-123.
Souri, M.K., M. Naiji, and M. Aslani. 2018. Effect of Fe-Glycine Aminochelate on pod quality and Iron concentrations of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under lime soil conditions. COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN. 1-10.
Tilak, K.V.B.R., N. Ranganayaki, D.R. Pal KK, A.K. Saxena, C.S. Nautiyal, S. Mittal, A.K. Tripathi, and B.N. Johri. 2005. Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Curr. Sci. 89(1): 136–150.
Torfi, V., A. Danesh-Shahraki, K. Saeidi, M. Mobini-Dehkordi, and P. Tahmasebi. 2018. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on germination and primary growth of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 6(2): 171-183. (In Persian, with English Abstract).
Warraich, E.A., S.M.A. Basar, N. Ahmad, R. Ahmad, and M. Aftab. 2002. Effect of nitrogen on grain quality and vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). INT J AGRIC BIOL. 4: 517-520.
Yaghmaei, L., S. Soltani, and M. Khodagholi. 2009. Bioclimatic classification of Isfahan province using multivariate statistical methods. Int. J. Climatol. 29: 1850-1861.
)