نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 استاد
3 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر دما، خشکی و پرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی بذر ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سطوح دمایی (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35 و 45 درجه سلسیوس)، پتانسیل خشکی (0/0، 4/0-، 8/0- و 2/1- مگاپاسکال) و اعمال پرایمینگ (شاهد، هیدروپرایمینگ، آبسیزیک اسید، جیبرلیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید) بودند. بنا بر نتایج این پژوهش، افزایش دما و خشکی سبب کاهش پارامترهای درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی شد؛ به طوری که در پتانسیل‌های کمتر از 8/0- مگاپاسکال در تمامی سطوح دما و خشکی، کاهش معناداری در شاخص های ذکر شده مشاهده گردید. در دمای 35 درجه سلسیوس، درصد جوانه‌زنی در شرایط بدون اعمال پرایمینگ از 94 به 36 درصد (خشکی2/1- مگاپاسکال) کاهش یافت. تحت این شرایط، تیمار جیبرلیک اسید سبب بهبود جوانه‌زنی شد. برای تعیین دماهای کاردینال ذرت از مدل‌های رگرسیونی (دندان- مانند، دوتکه‌ای و بتا) استفاده شد. طبق نتایج آزمایش، مدل دندان- مانند، به عنوان بهترین مدل ارزیابی شد و بر اساس آن، دمای پایه، مطلوب 1، مطلوب2 و حداکثر به ترتیب 51/9، 12/24، 35 و 6/44 درجه سلسیوس برآورد گردید. به منظور بررسی تاثیر دما و پتانسیل آب بر جوانه‌زنی بذر تحت شرایط خشکی از مدل رگرسیونی غیر خطی هیدروترمال تایم استفاده شد. با توجه به آن که افزایش مقدار انحراف معیار از دمای پایه نشان دهنده توانایی جوانه‌زنی بذر در پتانسیل‌های متفاوت اسمزی است، هیدروپرایمینگ، جیبرلیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید سبب افزایش این مقدار نسبت به تیمار بدون پرایمینگ شدند.
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