تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی نیتروژن بر بهبود کیفیت بذر گیاه مادری گندم رقم چمران تحت کمبود آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب و منابع کود نیتروژن بر خصوصیات جوانه‏زنی و بنیه بذرهای گندم رقم چمران آزمایشی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان فارس اجرا شد. در این آزمایش ابتدا بذرهای گندم در سه سطح تنش کمبود آب (آبیاری کامل، تنش کمبود آب در مرحله شیری و تنش کمبود آب در مرحله خمیری) و چهار سطح منابع کود نیتروژن (کود اوره 100 درصد نیاز گیاه، کود اوره 25 درصد به همراه نیتروکسین و نیتراژین، کود اوره 50 درصد به همراه نیتروکسین و نیتراژین، کود اوره 75 درصد به همراه نیتروکسین و نیتراژین) تولید شد. سپس کیفیت و بنیه بذرهای حاصل در دو آزمایش استاندارد جوانه‏زنی و پیری تسریع شده به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای آزمایش بر تمامی صفات اندازه‏گیری شده به‌جز درصد جوانه‏زنی معنی‏دار بود. تنش آب و منابع کود نیتروکسین و نیترازین به همراه اوره 25 درصد در ابتدای زوال منجر به افزایش غلظت پروتئین (39/12 درصد) شد و اما کمترین میزان نشاسته (85/20 درصد) تحت اثر متقابل تیمار کود نیتروکسین و نیتراژین به همراه 75 درصد اوره در زمان 48 ساعت زوال مشاهده شد. همچنین تنش کمبود آب منجر به افزایش غلظت، قندهای محلول و کاهش میزان آنزیم‌های آلفا آمیلاز دانه نیز شد. در مجموع نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از تیمارهای تلفیقی کود اوره و کودهای زیستی در شرایط تنش برای تغذیه گیاه مادری، منجر به تولید بذرهایی با قوه نامیه بالاتر و متحمل‌تر به زوال شد.

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