نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات به نژادی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند-سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی-ایران-کرج
2 عضو هیات علمی-بخش تکنولوژی قند-موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند-سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی-ایران-کرج
چکیده
در این تحقیق، صفات فیزیکی و شیمیایی بذر چغندرقند و ارتباطش با صفات جوانه زنی مطالعه شد. این صفات بر روی ده سینگل-کراس که از سه منطقه اردبیل فیروزکوه و کرج به دست آمده بود، مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که چگالی حجمی، چگالی واقعی و هدایت الکتریکی بذر چغندرقند تحت تاثیر متقابل محیط و ژنوتیپ می باشد. درصد مواد جامد محلول روی پریکارپ بذر چغندرقند (مواد بازدارنده جوانه زنی) فقط تحت تاثیر محیط تولید بذر بود. هم ژنتیک و هم شرایط محیطی حاکم بر طول مدت رشد و نمو بذر چغندرقند بر روی گیاه مادر، بر درصد جوانه زنی، سرعت جوانه زنی و میانگین زمان جوانه زنی موثر بودند. لیکن یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی بذر چغندرقند فقط تحت تأثیر ژنوتیب بود. از طرفی همبستگی بین چگالی واقعی، چگالی حجمی، تخلخل، میزان درصد مواد جامد محلول پریکارپ و هدایت الکتریکی بذر چغندرقند با برخی صفات جوانه‌زنی، معنی‌داری بود. لیکن صفت یکنواختی جوانه زنی هیچ همبستگی با صفات فیزیکی و شیمیای بذر نداشت. با افزایش چگالی پریکارپ بذر موجب کاهش عوامل کاهنده کیفیت بذر از جمله هدایت الکتریکی بذر و درصد مواد جامد محلول بر روی پریکارپ می شود. بنابراین یکنواختی جوانه زنی که کمتر تحت تاثیر محیط است، می تواند در بر نامه های اصلاحی به عنوان یک شاخص انتخاب کیفیت بذر، استفاده شود. صفات فیزیکی و شیمیایی که همبستگی معنی داری با صفات جوانه زنی دارند، در مدیریت تولید بذر چغندرقند با هدف افزایش ضریب استحصال و کیفیت بذر چغندرقند، قابل توصیه می باشند.
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