نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر محیط رشد پایه مادری بر جوانه‌زنی بذور و رشد گیاهچه‌های گاوزبان اروپایی پس از انبارداری، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. تیمار‌ها شامل بذرهای حاصل از بوته‌های مادری محلول‌پاشی شده با اسید هیومیک (5/0 گرم در لیتر)، کیتوزان (1 گرم در لیتر)، اسید هیومیک + کیتوزان (5/0 گرم در لیتر + 1 گرم در لیتر)، اسید سالیسیلیک (4 میلی‌مولار)، اسید آسکوربیک (85/0 میلی‌مولار)، نیترات پتاسیم (20 میلی‌مولار) و شاهد بود. آزمون‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه روی این بذرها طی دو دوره (بعد از برداشت و پس از پنج سال انبارداری) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط بدون انبارداری، بذرهای حاصل از بوته‌های مادری تیمار شده با محرک‌های زیستی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشدی، باعث افزایش جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌ها نسبت به بذرهای حاصل از تیمار شاهد گردید. در این شرایط، محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های مادری با اسید هیومیک+کیتوزان، با افزایش درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی، شاخص قدرت، طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه‌ها، بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌ها داشت. اگرچه انبارداری بذرها به مدت پنج سال، باعث کاهش قوه‌نامیه و قدرت بذرها گردید، اما محلول‌پاشی بوته‌های مادری، از طریق افزایش درصد قوه نامیه و شاخص قدرت بذر، از اثرات منفی انبارداری بر جوانه‌زنی کاسته و موجب افزایش درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه‌ها شد. به‌طور کلی در بین تیمارهای بوته‌های مادری، محلول‌پاشی توام اسید هیومیک و کیتوزان را می‌توان به‌دلیل اثرات هم افزایی، بهترین تیمار برای بهبود زنده‌مانی بذر، خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه‌های گاوزبان دانست.
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