نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر نانواکسید آهن سنتز شده از پونه کوهی بر جوانهزنی بذر، رشد و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه‌های ذرت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار جرا شد. تیمار‌هاشامل غلظتهای نانواکسید آهن (صفر، 120، 240، 360 و 480 میلیگرم در لیتر) و روش کاربرد (پیشتیمار بذر و افزودن به بستر کشت) بود. نتایج نشان داد که نانواکسید آهن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر جوانهزنی، رشد و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه‌های ذرت داشت. در بین غلظت‌ها، بیشترین سرعت جوانهزنی (66/29 روز)، شاخص قدرت (4316) و طول (15/45 سانتی‌متر) و وزن خشک (829/0 گرم) گیاهچه با کاربرد 240 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن حاصل شد. از میان روش‌های کاربرد نانوذره، پیشتیمار کردن بذرها نسبت به روش افزودن به بستر کشت، تأثیر بیشتری در بهبود جوانهزنی، رشد گیاهچهها و افزایش شاخص قدرت بذر داشت. با کاربرد 240 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن به صورت پیشتیمار، سبب شد تا بیشترین درصد جوانهزنی (100 درصد)، شاخص هم‌زمانی (256/0)، متوسط جوانهزنی روزانه (33/6 روز) و کمترین میانگین مدت جوانهزنی (32/2 روز) حاصل شود. درصورت افزودن نانوذره به بستر کشت اگرچه نسبت به روش پیشتیمار بذر تأثیر کمتری داشته اما افزودن 360 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن به بستر کشت نیز موجب افزایش معنی‌دار جوانهزنی بذر (7/29 درصد) ذرت گردید. کاربرد غلظتهای مختلف نانواکسید آهن در هر دو روش کاربرد نانوذره موجب افزایش معنی‌دار میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتیاکسیدانی گیاهچهها گردید. بنابراین، کاربرد غلظت 240 میلیگرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن به‌صورت پیشتیمار بذر جهت بهبود جوانهزنی بذر، رشد و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه‌های ذرت می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود.
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