Aihua, L., J. Shunyuan, Y. Guang, L. Ying, G. Na, C. Tong, K. Liping, and H. Luqi. 2018. Molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release induced by fluridone compared with cold stratification in Notopterygium incisum. BMC Plant Biol. 18: 1-16.
Alizadeh, M.A., A.A. Hosienpoor Ghazvini, A. Jafari, and J. Daneshian. 2017. Effect of different treatment on removing seed dormancy to induction of seed emergence and vigour in some populations of four species of savory (Satureja spp.). Iranian J. Seed Sci. Technol. 5: 223-233. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Amouaghaei, R. 2007. The effect of GA3 and moist-chilling on seed dormancy breaking of (Ferula ovina Boiss). Hydrol. Soil Sci. 40: 471-481.
Baskin, J.M., and C.C. Baskin. 1990. Germination ecophysiology of seeds of the winter annual Chaerophyllum tainturieri: a new type of morphophysiological dormancy. J. Ecol. 78:993-1004.
Baskin, J.M., and C.C. Baskin. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 14: 1-16.
Bewley, J.D., and M. Black. 2012. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination: volume 2: viability, dormancy, and environmental control. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Bewley, J.D., K. Bradford, H. Hilhorst, and H. Nonogaki. 2013. Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Chen, S.Y., S.H. Chou, C.C. Tsai, W.Y. Hsu, C.C. Baskin, J.M. Baskin, and L.L. Kuo-Huang. 2015. Effects of moist cold stratification on germination, plant growth regulators, metabolites and embryo ultrastructure in seeds of Acer morrisonense (Sapindaceae). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 94: 165-173.
Darvish, H., M. Zahedi, B. Abbaszadeh, and A. Romania. 2016. The importance of cultivation and production of medicinal plants in the economy and industry of the country with a case study of (E. purpurea L). The 1st Natl. Conf. Aromat. Plants and Spices, Gonbad Kavous University, Golestan. 1 May. 2016. (In Persian)
Finch-Savage, W.E., and G. Leubner-Metzger. 2006. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171: 501-523.
Geshnizjani, N., F. Ghaderi-Far, L.A. Willems, H.W. Hilhorst, and W. Ligterink. 2018. Characterization of and genetic variation for tomato seed thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy. BMC Plant Biol. 18: 1-12.
Ghaderi-Far, F., and A. Soltani. 2014. Seed testing and control. Publications University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
Ghavam, M., Z. Soleimani Nejad. and A. Tavili. 2018. Dormancy breaking of (Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss) seed under the influence of different treatments. New Cell. Mol. Biotech. J. 8: 35-44.
Hassani, S.B., A. Saboora, T. Radjabian, and H. Fallah Husseini. 2009. Effects of temperature, GA3 andCytokinins on breaking seed dormancy of Ferula assa-foetida L. Iranian J. Sci. Technol. 33: 75-85. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Hutchison, C.E., and J.J. Kieber. 2002. Cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 14: 47-59.
ISTA, 2022. International Rules for Seed Testing. ISTA, Zurich, Switzerland.
Joosen, R.V., J. Kodde, L.A. Willems, W. Ligterink, L.H. van der Plas, and H.W. Hilhorst. 2010. GERMINATOR: a software package for high‐throughput scoring and curve fitting of Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant J. 62: 148-159.
Keshtkar, H.R., H. Azarnivand, and H. Atashi. 2009. Effect of prechilling and GA3 on seed germination of Ferula assa-foetida and Prangos ferulacea. Seed Sci. Technol. 37: 464-468.
Keshtkar, H.R., H. Azarnivand, V. Etemad, and S.S. Moosavi. 2008. Seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of Ferula ovina and Ferula gummosa. Desert. 13: 45-51.
Khan, A.A. 1994. Induction of dormancy in non-dormant seeds. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119: 408-413.
Khosravi-Pour, B., A. Siahpoosh, Z. Mohammadi- Karbalaei. 2015. The importance of cultivating medicinal plants and producing their products in agriculture. 1st Natl. Conf. Herbs Herbal Med. Tehran, 28 May. 2015.
Kumar, A., R. Kumar, S. Singh, S. Sharma, S. Singh, and S. Kumar. 2020. Evaluation of Ferula Assa-Foetida Accessions for Germination Parameters under Cold Stratification to Overcome Seed Dormancy and Effect of Media Mixtures on Seedling Growth. Res. Square. Doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-112608/v1.
Labbafi, M.R., A. Mehrafarin, H. Naghdi Badi, M. Ghorbani, and M. Tavakoli. 2018. Investigating the effect of various chemical and non-chemical treatments break dormancy galbanum seeds Ferula gummosa Boiss. Eco-phytochem. J. Med. Plants. 6: 80-88.
Malek, M., F. Ghaderi-Far, B. Torabi, H.R. Sadeghipour. 2022. Dynamics of seed dormancy and germination at high temperature stress is affected by priming and phytohormones in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). J. Plant Physiol. 269: 153614.
Malek, M., F. Hassani, E. Rezvani Khorshidi, A. Shayanfar, B. Oskoee, and A. Dehshiri. 2022a. Dormancy and Germination Response of Galbanum Seeds under Different Hormonal Pre-treatments and Cold Stratification. Iranian J. seed Res. Unpublished
Malek, M., F. Hassani, E. Rezvani Khorshidi, A. Shayanfar, B. Oskoee, and A. Dehshiri. 2022b. Investigation of method for dormancy braking and improve seed quality of priorities medicinal plants (Ferula assa-feotida and Ferula gummosa). Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute. Research Project of Elite Subjects. (In Persian)
Martin, K.P. 2004. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in medicinally important centella asiatica L. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant. 40: 586-591.
Mozaffarian, V. 2004. Dictionary of Iarnian Plant Names. Farhang moaser, Tehran, Iran.
Mozaffarian, V. 2007. Flora of Iran, No.: 45 Umbelliferae. Forests and Rangelands Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Novak, J., C. Wawrosch, C. Schmiderer, C.M. Franz, and B. Kopp. 2011. Germination responses of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae) to genotype, light, temperature and gibberellic acid. Seed Sci. Technol. 39: 552-558.
Nowruzian, A., M. Masoumian, M.A. Ebrahimi, Gh.R. Bakhshi khaniki. 2017. Effect of Breaking Dormancy Treatments on Germination of Ferula assafoetida L. Seed. Iranian J. Seed Res. 2: 155-169. (In Persian)
Otroshy, M., A. Zamani, M. Khodambashi, M. Ebrahimi, and P.C. Struik. 2010. Effect of exogenous hormones and chilling on dormancy breaking of seeds of asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida L.). Res. J. Seed Sci. 3: 242-248.
Pirmoradi, M. R., R. Omidbaigi, M. Naghavi, A. Amin Baghizadeh, and A. Yadalahi. 2012. Effect of height and different treatments on seed germination of bitter asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.). Iranian J. Hortic. Sci. 43:461-471. (In Persian)
Pouresmaeil, M., and M. Sharifi. 2003. Dormancy-Breaking in Bunium Persicum seeds by stratification and some cytokinines. Iranian J. Med. Aromat. Plants Res. 19: 183-193. (In Persian)
Raisi, A., S.N. Kalat, and A.S. Darban. 2013. The study effects of stratification, temperature and potassium nitrate on seed dormancy breaking Ferula assa foetida. World Appl. Sci. J. 23:379-383.
Rajabian, T., A. Saboora, B. Hassani, H. Fallah Hosseini. 2007. Effects of GA3 and chilling on seed germination of Ferula assa-foetida, as a medicinal plant. Iranian J. Med. Aromat. Plants Res. 3: 391-404. (In Persian)
Rostami, M., and R. Tavakol Afshari. 2014. Classification and breaking methods of galbanum (Ferula gummosa BIOSS) seeddormancy. Iranian J. Field Crop Sci. 2: 255-263. (In Persian)
Salimi, H., and M. Gorbanli. 2001. Investigation Oat seed germination in different conditions and effect of some operative factors on seed dormancy breaking. Rostaniha. 2: 41-55. (In Persian)
SAS Institute. 1994. The SAS system for Windows. Release 6.10. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. USA
Sharifi, H., A. Nemati, and M. Gardakaneh. 2017. Breaking seed dormancy and improve germination of four medicinal species of apiaceae by gibberellic acid and prechilling treatments. Iranian J. Seed Sci. Res. 4: 27-38. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Sharifi, H., M. Khajeh-Hosseini, and M.H. Rashed-Mohassel. 2015. Study of seed dormancy in seven medicinal species from apiaceae. Iranian J. Seed Res. 2: 25-36. (In Persian, with English Abstract)
Stawomir, B., and H. Roman. 2008. Effect of different ways of priming tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed on the air quality. Pol. J. Nat. Sci. 23: 729-739.
Tabrizi, L., M. Nasiri Mahallati and A. Kochaki. 2004. Investigation on the cardinal temperature for germination of Plantago ovata and Plantago psyllium. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 2: 143-151. (In Persian)
Vandelook, F., N. Bolle, and J.A. Van Assche. 2007. Multiple environmental signals required for embryo growth and germination of seeds of Selinum carvifolia L. and Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae). Seed Sci. Res. 17: 283-291.
Wang, Y., Li, L., Ye, T., Zhao, S., Liu, Z., Feng, Y. Q., and Wu, Y. 2011. Cytokinin antagonizes ABA suppression to seed germination of Arabidopsis by downregulating ABI5 expression. Plant J. 68: 249-261.
Zardari, S., F. Ghaderi‐Far, H.R. Sadeghipour, E. Zeinali, E. Soltani, and C.C. Baskin. 2019. Deep and intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae). Plant Species Biol. 34: 85-94.
Zare, A.R., M. Solouki, M. Omidi, N. Irvani, A.O. Abasabadi, N.M. Nezad. 2011. Effect of various treatments on seed germination and dormancy breaking in Ferula assa foetida L. (Asafetida), a threatened medicinal herb. Trakia J. Sci. 9: 57-61.
Zargari, A. 1997. Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
)