نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل ایران
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر مراحل مختلف رسیدگی بذر در زمان برداشت، بر شاخص‌های سبز شدن، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی گاوزبان اروپایی، از بذرهای پایة مادری استفاده شد و آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. تیمار آزمایشی مراحل مختلف رسیدگی بذرهای بوته‌های مادری در زمان برداشت بود که در سه زمان (23، 32 و 38 روز بعد از گلدهی) از بوته‌های مادری برداشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد، اثر مراحل رسیدگی در زمان برداشت بذر از بوته‌های مادری بر تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده (شاخص‌های سبز شدن، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی کلروفیل، متابولیت‌های ثانویه، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه) معنی‌دار بود. بذرهای حاصل از مرحله دوم برداشت بذر (32 روز بعد از گلدهی)، به‌دلیل رسیدگی مطلوب، با افزایش درصد و سرعت سبز شدن، بهبود رشد و استقرار سریع بوته‌ها، افزایش میزان رنگیزهای فتوسنتزی کلروفیل و تشکیل تراکم مطلوب بوته در مزرعه، نسبت به دو توده بذرهای حاصل از مراحل اول و سوم برداشت بذر، بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش عملکرد گل، عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه و سایر اجزای عملکرد دانه داشت. بیشترین میزان فنل و فلاونوئید در زمان کاشت بذرهای با زمان برداشت 38 روز بعد از گلدهی مشاهده شد که با توده بذرهای حاصل از مرحله اول برداشت بذر اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان نداد. کاشت بذرهای نارس با زمان برداشت 23 روز بعد از گلدهی، بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین را در برگ گاوزبان اروپایی نشان داد.
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