M Akhondi; M. Zare Hassanabadi; M.S. Amiri; S. Shabani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Myrtus communis (Myrtle) is an important medicinal plant in traditional medicine and cosmetic industry. This plant grows as evergreen shrub at slope regions and prevents soil erosion. Its seeds have elaisosomes, placed in micropile zone after fertilization. Due to dormancy, its rate and percentage of ...
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Myrtus communis (Myrtle) is an important medicinal plant in traditional medicine and cosmetic industry. This plant grows as evergreen shrub at slope regions and prevents soil erosion. Its seeds have elaisosomes, placed in micropile zone after fertilization. Due to dormancy, its rate and percentage of germination is low. This experiment was conducted in Payam nor university of Boshrouyeh, in order to study breaking of seed dormancy and germination of this plant. Seeds of M. communis exposed to different mechanical and chemical treatments including mechanical scarification with sand paper, sulfuric acid 90%, alcohol 96%, potassium nitrate acid 6% and H2O2 2%, each 10 minutes and untreated seeds as control. The results showed significant differences (P<1%) for all traits, including rate and percentage of germination, length of radicle and plumule, seed growth potential and germination energy. Mechanical scarification and sulfuric acid increased percentage of germination significantly (P<5%) in several traits except for germination index. The root-shoot ratio was more in all treatments than control. We concluded the type of seed dormancy is primary and inducible type that related to physical characters of seed coat.
F. Morsali Aghajari; R. Darvishzadeh; H. Hatami Maleki
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 9-22
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. In order to study the effect of salinity stress on the percentage and rate of germination of sunflower seeds and localization of genes controlling the traits in sunflower genome, a factorial experiment in a completely ...
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Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production. In order to study the effect of salinity stress on the percentage and rate of germination of sunflower seeds and localization of genes controlling the traits in sunflower genome, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications were conducted in Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Urmia University. The first factor was 70 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sunflower derived from the cross PAC2 (female parent) × RHA266 (male parent) together with parents and the second factor was salinity stress levels including 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m. The results of analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among RILs and salinity levels based on two studied traits in 1% probability level and also significant interaction of Line by Salt stress. Heritability for germination rate and percentage was estimated 20% and 14%, respectively. Mapping of genes was performed using constructed SSR/SNP linkage map including 221 markers with average distance of 7.44 CM between markers. In several salinity levels, 22 QTLs for germination rate and 12 QTLs for germination percentage were detected. The effects of detected QTLs were varied between 2.04% to 67.61%. In this study, QTLs including salt2.PGS.13.1, salt2.PGS.2.1, salt2.GR.1.1, salt4.GR.9.1, salt6.GR.10.1 and salt8.GR.6.1 exhibited maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation. The results of this study revealed some non-specific QTLs (co-localized) for studied charactristics which are valuable in plant breeding programs and make it possible to have simultaneous selection for several charactristics.
H.R. Eisvand; A. Sharafi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 23-35
Abstract
Various species of Satureja genus are growing in different regions of Iran. The drought stress is one of the most unfavorable factors for plant establishment and growth in main parts of the Iran. Germination and emergence of the most plants is affected by environmental stresses including drought and ...
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Various species of Satureja genus are growing in different regions of Iran. The drought stress is one of the most unfavorable factors for plant establishment and growth in main parts of the Iran. Germination and emergence of the most plants is affected by environmental stresses including drought and disturbed evnironments. One way to improve seeds and seedlings to cope with stress is seed priming. This research was conducted in order to study the effects of osmo and hydro priming at different temperatures on improving seed and seedling performance of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under drought stress conditions. A greenhouse research was carried out as a factorial experiment on the base of a randomized completely block design with three factors and four replications. The factors were including drought stress (50% and 25% of field capacity) with control (75% of FC), osmotic potential of priming (0, -4, -8 bar using PEG 6000) and priming temperatures (15 and 25 ºC). The percentage and rate of emergence, seedling fresh and dry weights, seedling height, vigor index, and leaf area decreased by increasing drought stress but the essential oil content and root length increased. The highest percentage of essential oil observed under 25% FC. Interaction of drought stress and osmotic potential of priming solution was significant on percentage and rate of emergence and vigor index. The interaction of priming temperatures and osmotic potential of priming was significant on the percentage and rate of emergence, vigor index, and shoot dry weight. Hydro-priming at 15 ºC had the most positive effect on the percentage and rate of emergence, fresh and dry weight of seedling, root length, plant height, leaf area, and vigor index. Overall, seed quality was better when priming temperature was lower (15 ºC).
L. Yari; M. Sedghi; A. Hamidi; R. Seyed Sharifi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 37-50
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the role of polyamines (PAs) as priming agents on improving seed vigour with different moisture content (Mc)(14,16,18%) under storage conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) c.v Usef. Experiments were conducted at the Seed and Plant Certification ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the role of polyamines (PAs) as priming agents on improving seed vigour with different moisture content (Mc)(14,16,18%) under storage conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) c.v Usef. Experiments were conducted at the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute 1n 2012 -2013. The seeds were hand harvested at three initial moisture contents including 18, 16, 14% using wet weight basis. The seed samples then were sealed in polythene bags and stored in conditioned storages and for 8 months. After that for seed priming, seeds were soaked in 20mg/L-1 (w/v) aerated solution of Spermine (Spm), Puterscine (Put), and Spermidine (Spd) and distilled water (W) for 16h at 20±2C°. After each treatment, seeds were dried to original moisture level in forced air and sealed in polythene bags, stored in a conditioned storage again for one month. Experimental units were arranged as a completely randomized design with four replications after harvesting time and one month conditioned storage after treatment. The result indicated that 18% MC improved the germination percentage and seedling vigour compared to 16 and 14 % MC. Also after 8 month storage, 18% Mc had the highest germination percentage and seedling vigour. The electrolyte leakage decreased in seeds with 18% MC compared to 16 and 14% MC. Also seed treatments significantly increased the seed viability and germination percentage, whereas, mean germination time and electrical conductivity were reduced in all seed treatments. Meanwhile, maximum germination percentage was detected for seed Spm seed treatment and 18% MC. Generally by decreasing moisture content of seed and delay in harvesting time, seedling vigour decreased and the optimum moisture content and seed treatment were 18% and Spm, respectively.
E. Rezvani; F. Ghaderifar; A. Hamidi; E. Soltani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 51-63
Abstract
In order to study the effect of desiccation tolerance on seed germination and vigor of hybrid maize, a field experiment was conducted using five sowing dates in three replications. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design in Karaj, Iran. Sampling from female rows (B73 Inbred line) ...
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In order to study the effect of desiccation tolerance on seed germination and vigor of hybrid maize, a field experiment was conducted using five sowing dates in three replications. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design in Karaj, Iran. Sampling from female rows (B73 Inbred line) was started right after pollination in a weekly scale. The harvested hybrid seeds were dried in open air conditions. Changes in seed growth and development were evaluated from 20 days after flowering and laboratory tests were performed on fresh and dried seed samples of each developmental stages. The results showed that the effects of sowing dates on normal seedling percentage, mean germination time) and seedling length was significant. The 4th sowing date had the highest normal seedling and seed vigor. Seed filling rate (3.7-9.2 mg/gram) and moisture content reduction (0.63 -1.06 percent/day) was different, depends on the sowing date and temperature of seed developmental period. It is observed that the developing seeds that dried before standard germination test, started to germinate very sooner (20-30 DAF on basis of sowing date) than fresh seeds (that start 30-50 DAF). Dried seeds reached meaningfully sooner to the highest normal seedlings percentage (30-60 DAF). When the desiccation started without hot temperature stress in third and fourth sowing dates, desiccation tolerance completed sooner. So the seeds reach to the highest percentage of normal seedling very soon, after drying. The evaluation of mean germination time and seedling length, as indicators of seed vigor showed that dried seeds reach to maximum germination rate and seedling length sooner than fresh seeds. The changes trend in these indicators was similar to changes in normal seedling percentage. It was concluded that appropriate temperature (lower than 35ºC) in desiccation period, especially at the beginning stages, results in fast extension of desiccation tolerance among the seeds and enhancing the seed quality after drying.
E. Shakeri; Y. Emam; M. Jahani Doghozloo; S.A. Tabatabaei
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 65-75
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination indices of sorghum, this experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Cereal laboratory of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in ...
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To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination indices of sorghum, this experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Cereal laboratory of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2015. Treatments included salinity levels (Control (0.5), 3.5, 6.5, 9.5 and 12.5 dS.m-1) and 48 sorghum lines and cultivars.Analysis of variance showed that the effect of salinity was significant on all measured traits at 1% level. In this experiment, increased salinity caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, germination rate, seedling dry weight and vigor index. The highest germination percentage (86%) as well as seedling length (386.2 mm), and vigor index (332.33) was found in KDFGS19 line. Ghalami Herat cultivar had the highest germination rate (12.6/day). Orthogonal comparison for two groups of genotypes indicated that there were significant differences between cultivars and lines for all measured traits (except for seedling dry weight). Lines had higher germination percentage and germination rate compared to cultivars, however, for seedling length and vigor index, cultivars had higher levels than lines. Lines had higher germination percentage and germination rate compared to cultivars, however, for seedling length and vigor index, cultivars had higher level than lines.
A. Hashemi; Sh. Barooti; R. Tavakkol Afshari
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 77-84
Abstract
In order to estimate the germination cardinal temperatures, a laboratory experiment was conducted with Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond in a completely randomized design with four replications. Various constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) were considered. Germinated seeds were counted ...
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In order to estimate the germination cardinal temperatures, a laboratory experiment was conducted with Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond in a completely randomized design with four replications. Various constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC) were considered. Germinated seeds were counted each day and the rate of germination and germination percentage was calculated. Cardinal temperatures diagram of Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond seed germination was constructed based on two regression models including segmented model and beta model. The effects of temperatures on rate and percentage of germination were significant. The highest germination rate was in 20º, R50=0.067 (Reverse time to 50% germination). Based on the two regression models, Intersected-lines Model and Quadratic Polynomial Model, the cardinal temperatures of Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond seeds germination (Tbase, Topt and Tmax) were: (1 - 3), (19– 23.1) and (43 – 59) °C, respectively. With increasing temperature, the more suitable conditions in terms of temperature, is created for Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond germination and germination rate is increased
M.K. Souri; M.A. Arab; GH. Tohidloo; A.K. Kashi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 85-94
Abstract
Artichoke as a vegetable crop has difficulties regarding seed germination and uniformity of germinated seedlings. This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of some seed priming treatments on germination quality in Artichoke. The experiment carried out as a factorial based on a completely randomized ...
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Artichoke as a vegetable crop has difficulties regarding seed germination and uniformity of germinated seedlings. This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of some seed priming treatments on germination quality in Artichoke. The experiment carried out as a factorial based on a completely randomized design under laboratory conditions. Treatments were control (without any treatment), and seed priming with distilled water, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate in the same concentrations of 10 mM, as well as PEG6000 with osmotic potential of 0.5 MP, and two priming time of 12 and 24 hour. The results showed that the highest root length was detected in KNO3 and d-water treatments, and the lowest root length control treatment. The highest stem length was in KNO3 that showed no difference with CaNO3. The highest seedling length was in 12 h KNO3 treatment which had significant difference to other treatments. The highest seedling fresh weight was in 12 h KNO3, 24 h CaNO3 and 24 KNO3 without significant difference among them. Regarding germination percentage, 12h and 24 h KNO3 treatments led to the highest germination percentage, while 24 h CaNO3 showed the highest germination rate. The highest and the lowest abnormal seedlings were in 24 h PEG and CaNO3 treatments, respectively. Therefore, priming for 12 h using potassium nitrate or 24 h using calcium nitrate for improving germination characteristics of artichoke is suggested.
M. Jelodar; Z. Khodarahmpour
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 95-108
Abstract
In this study, to evaluate the seed vigor tests associated with the emergence and yield of forage sorghum, three separate experiments consisted of standard germination test and seed deterioration test in a completely randomized design with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz and culture ...
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In this study, to evaluate the seed vigor tests associated with the emergence and yield of forage sorghum, three separate experiments consisted of standard germination test and seed deterioration test in a completely randomized design with four replications in Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz and culture in the city of Shoushtar were conducted. 8 genotypes of forage sorghum in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014.Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes in all three experiments for all traits except seedling length in standard germination test. The results showed that seed deterioration test reduces seed germination percentage (39%), germination rate (38%), seedling length (11%) and fresh weight (40%) and dry weight (13%).In terms of percentage and rate of germination and emergence in three experiments, genotype KFS18 was superior genotype. The maximum of the dry forage yield of 9.5 tons per hectare belonged to genotypes KFS2 and KFS18. So it became clear that superior genotype was KFS18.The results showed that the correlations between the percentage of germination and emergence and biomass production in field experiments with standard germination test and seed deterioration test were significant. The seed deterioration test and standard germination test could predict emergence of sorghum in the field.
M. Naderpour; B. Motieshare; V. Askari
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 109-118
Abstract
Mycoflora of hybrid sorghum seeds in line production areas of Khorasan Razavi Seed health analysis was carried out on 30 Sorghum bicolor cv. speed feed(line AS9) seed samples belonging to two growing seasons (2001-2004) which were routinely submitted by Feizabad Research Center, Khorasan Razavi provience ...
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Mycoflora of hybrid sorghum seeds in line production areas of Khorasan Razavi Seed health analysis was carried out on 30 Sorghum bicolor cv. speed feed(line AS9) seed samples belonging to two growing seasons (2001-2004) which were routinely submitted by Feizabad Research Center, Khorasan Razavi provience to Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Iran. Applying simple blotter-, deep freezing blotter-, and agar plate- methods for detection of seedborne mycoflora revealed the presence of Fusarium verticilloides, Bipolaris sorghicola, Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium spp.,and Cephalosporium acremonium in seed samples at the rates of 0.5, 4.5, 16, 19.25, 21 and 0.75 percent, respectively. Using washing test, teliospores of Sphacelotheca cruenta and Sporisorium sorghi at the rates of 12 and 42 teliospores/Kg seed were detectedon the basis of teliospore morphology.
P. Rezvani Moghaddam; S.M. Seyyedi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 119-131
Abstract
Oil content and fatty acid composition are the most important factors for assessing and describing oilseeds. On the other hand, seed germination and seedling establishment are affected by seed reserves. In order to investigate the germination characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds as related ...
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Oil content and fatty acid composition are the most important factors for assessing and describing oilseeds. On the other hand, seed germination and seedling establishment are affected by seed reserves. In order to investigate the germination characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds as related totheiroil content and fatty acids composition, series of laboratory and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experiments were arranged based on a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and four replications. The experimental treatments were consisted of 15 sesame cultivars: Darab 2, Darab 14, Dashtestan 2, Dashtestan 5, Esfaraen, IS, JL-13, Kalat, Kashmar, Mashhad, Oltan, Sistan, TS-3, Varamin 2822, and Yellow White. The results showed that the low mean germination time (MGT) and mean emergence time (MET) were detected in Dashtestan 2, Dashtestan 5 and IS cultivars. In contrast, the high MGT and MET were observed in Yellow White and Mashhad cultivars. Although, there were no statistically differences between sesame cultivars for seed nitrogen concentration and oil percentage, significant differences were observed in terms of seed phosphorus concentration. The highest and the lowest seed P concentration were obtained in Dashtestan 2 and Yellow White cultivars, respectively. There were no significant correlation between MET and fatty acids, except for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. A negative correlation between oleic acid and MET (R2= 0.73**) and also a positive correlation between linolenic acid and MET (R2= 0.73**) was observed. Therefore, it seems that sesame seed vigor highly depends on unsaturated fatty acids composition.
E. Khalilvand Behrouzyar; M. Yarnia
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 133-142
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of the foliar application of various combinations on corn maternal plant on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the seed an experiment was conducted in factorial form based on RCBD with three replications during growing seasons ...
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In order to investigate the effect of the foliar application of various combinations on corn maternal plant on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the seed an experiment was conducted in factorial form based on RCBD with three replications during growing seasons of 2009-2011. Treatments were four growth stages (the 8-10 leaves, the tasseling, the seed-filling, all the stages), seven levels of foliar application (Methanol, Zn, B, Mg, N, Mn, a mixture of all combinations) and control as a separate plot. The analysis of the data showed a significant effect of the combination type of foliar application in different stages on the reserve of N, protein and starch content and grain yield per plant. The detailed results of the study showed that foliar application with a mixture of all combinations in all stages increased the reserved N and protein content in comparison with control 0/3 and 16 %, respectively. Foliar application with N, Mg, Zn, Mn and B in grain-filling stage, N, Mg and Mn foliar application in tasseling and N, Mg and B foliar application in all stages had the highest germination percent (100%). Therefore, N foliar application in the 8-10 leave, tasseling and the seed-filling stages increased 33% grain yield in comparison with the control.
T. Bazi; َAli Moradi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 143-155
Abstract
Prangos ferulacea L. is a plant from Apiaceae family which is used in medicinal and forage industries. Because of problems during germination and growth of this plant, several experiments were conducted in order to break dormancy and its germination enhancing. Seed samples were collected from their ...
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Prangos ferulacea L. is a plant from Apiaceae family which is used in medicinal and forage industries. Because of problems during germination and growth of this plant, several experiments were conducted in order to break dormancy and its germination enhancing. Seed samples were collected from their natural habitats (ridge of Vezg, Kogiluyeh and Boyerahmad province) in three dates of 7, 17 and 27 June 2012 and possibility of dormancy breaking were examined in the form of three separate experiments with three replicates. The first experiment factors consisted of three levels of collecting time (mentioned above) and GA3 in two levels (1000 and 1500 mg.l-1) which were applied along with 2 week’s moist chilling. The second experiment was consisted of collecting time at three levels along with moist chilling, that chilling was applied for four weeks. The third experiment factors were consisted of seed collection time in three levels and germination temperatures at two levels (15 and 20 ̊C). The Seeds were moist-chilled at 4°C for 8 weeks and then transferred to the incubators with the temperatures of 15°C and 20 °C. In the first experiment, germination of seeds collected in the third date and treated with GA 1500 mg.l-1 (33.6%) was higher than that of 1000 mg.l-1 (17.6%). The second study showed a significant positive effect of collecting time on seed germination of this plant, so that germination of seeds collected in the third date was almost doubled compared to the first date. The thirds experiment results showed that the temperature of 15 °C is more suitable than 20 °C for Prangos ferulacea seed germination. In all the three experiments the highest germination (33.26% in the first, 33.61 % in the second and 43.02% in the third experiments) were achieved when the seeds were collected at full maturity. Seeds germination obtained from 8 weeks (30.52%) chilling was higher than that of two (13.15%) and four weeks (27%). The overall results showed that Prangos ferulacea seeds have levels of physiological dormancy and seed maturity level at the time of collecting have significant effect on seed germination of this plant.
F. Roozbeh; D. Davoodi; S. Khayamym
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 157-167
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nanohydropriming using Multi-Walled Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNT) on improving the germination and growth of sugar beet seed, in comparison with hydropriming, was studied. Accordingly, hydropriming with water and nanohydropriming with three concentrations of water-based colloidal ...
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In this study, the effect of nanohydropriming using Multi-Walled Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNT) on improving the germination and growth of sugar beet seed, in comparison with hydropriming, was studied. Accordingly, hydropriming with water and nanohydropriming with three concentrations of water-based colloidal MWCNT,s as the carbon nanotube concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 40 ppm), four priming time and two primed seed storage time as treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications were applied in vitro for sugar beet variety Pars. Characters including germination rate, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and vigor were measured. Results showed that differences between treatments for all traits were significant at alpha 1%. Analysis of variance and comparison of hydropriming group against nanohydropriming showed a significantly improved germination rate, germination percentage and seedling vigor of sugar beet variety Pars in nanohydropriming. The mean comparison showed that the nanohydropriming significantly improved traits germination speed, germination percentage and seedling vigor of sugar beet variety in comparison with hydropriming. In addition, the results of data grouping within multi-walled carbon nanotubes showed that the germination traits were significantly improved at concentration of 40 ppm of carbon nanotubes at the 18 hours priming time, and 60 days storage after priming. Accordingly, with respect to the direct and indirect benefits of sugar beet seed priming, treating seeds of Pars variety with carbon nanotubes 40 ppm for 18 hours and 60 days before planting is recommended.
E. Nozarpour; R. Tavakkol Afshari; N. Majnoun Hosseini
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 169-180
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water potential and temperature on seed germination rate of lemon balm (Mellissa officinalis L.). Temperatures used in this experiment had 10 temperature levels including 5, 10, 15, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32 and 35 ° C. At each temperature the effect ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water potential and temperature on seed germination rate of lemon balm (Mellissa officinalis L.). Temperatures used in this experiment had 10 temperature levels including 5, 10, 15, 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32 and 35 ° C. At each temperature the effect of salinity levels (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa of Sodium chloride) and the effect of drough levels (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa of Polyethylene glycol) on germination characteristics was studied. This study was conducted in Seed Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran in Karaj in 2015. Data were analyzed using factorial design in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that the effect of temperature and water potential was significant on germination indices. Traits studied were germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length and seedling vigor index. The germination percentage and germination rate of lemon balm decreased linearly by increasing salinity and drought stress. In both experiments, the highest (90%) and lowest (20%) germination percentage was observed in control and the potential of -0.8 MPa, respectively. Seedling vigor index decreased by decreasing water potential and increasing in salinity level. Lemon balm seeds did not germinated in 5, 10, 15 and 35 ° C in any moisture levels. The results can be used for future studies on the seed ecology of lemon balm.
A. Sepehri; H.R. Rouhi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 181-198
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of cytokinin on improvement of aged groundnut seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was done based on completely randomized design with three replications. Seed priming with different concentrations of cytokinin including 0 (hydropriming), 50, 100 and 150 ...
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In order to investigate the effect of cytokinin on improvement of aged groundnut seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was done based on completely randomized design with three replications. Seed priming with different concentrations of cytokinin including 0 (hydropriming), 50, 100 and 150 ppm in drought stress levels (0, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa) was performed. Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate, seed vigor, seedling length, soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, memberane electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. The results showed that seed priming with different concentrations of cytokinin alleviated significant decrease of germination and seedling parameters of aged seeds under drought stress. At -0.8 MPa, seed priming with 100 ppm of cytokinin increased germination percentage, vigor index , soluble carbohydrates and proteins 0.65, 1.73, 1.09, 1.05, and in 150 ppm of cytokinin 1.37, 4.51, 2.5, 2.85 fold, as well as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased by 15.92, 13.35, 33.17 and 25.47, 17.96, 45.19% in comparison to control, respectively. Therefore, cytokinin pre-treatment specialy with 150 ppm is effective in germination and seedling indices of aged groundnut seeds by decreasing oxidative stress due to drought stress.
M. Khajeh-Hosseini; M. Alinaghizadeh; S.A. Hosseini; M.H. Rashed Mohasel
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 199-213
Abstract
In order to study the seed germination and dormancy of 3 weed species (Prosopis farcta, Launaea acanthodes and Cressa cretica) of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan, Iran, three factorial experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications, at the faculty of agriculture, ...
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In order to study the seed germination and dormancy of 3 weed species (Prosopis farcta, Launaea acanthodes and Cressa cretica) of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan, Iran, three factorial experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications, at the faculty of agriculture, Vali-E-Asr university of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2014. Weed seeds were collected from five different regions of Rafsanjan, including Markazi, Anar, Koshkoiyeh and Nogh. Dormancy breaking treatments for P. farcta included scarification by scalpel and sandpaper, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid (30 and 40 min), and distilled water as control. Treatments for L. acanthodes included gibbereilic acid (250, 500 and 1000 ppm), KNO3 (500 and 1000 ppm), cold stratification (for 1, 3 and 5 weeks). Treatments for C. cretica included scarification by scalpel and sandpaper, sulfuric acid (5 and 10 minute), boiling water (for 15 and 30 min) and distilled water as control. Results showed that seed germination percentage (SGP) and mean germination time (MGT) was significantly different among different weed populations and dormancy breaking methods. Seed scarification by scalpel and sulfuric acid resulted in highest SGP in P. farcta and C. cretica. For all L. acanthodes populations, cold stratification for 5 weeks increased SGP, especially in Anar (94 %). Using KNO3 at 500 ppm, and 250 ppm gibbereilic acid, significantly increased germination percentage of L. acanthodes seeds (79 and 74.8 %, respectively), but higher concentration of KNO3 and gibbereilic acid, reduced germination percentage.
A. Abbasian; Gh.A. Asadi; R. Ghorbani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 215-222
Abstract
In order to evaluate the germination characteristics and cardinals temperatures in invasive plant of Centaurea balsamita, a laboratory experiment as a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted in Weed Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in ...
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In order to evaluate the germination characteristics and cardinals temperatures in invasive plant of Centaurea balsamita, a laboratory experiment as a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted in Weed Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. Treatments consisted of 8 constant temperatures (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC). The characteristics such as percentage of seed germination, seedling vigour index, rate of seed germination, dry weight of radicle and plumule and plumule, radicle length were recorded. The seeds of Centaurea balsamita were monitored for variability in germination criteria based on two regression models namely Quadratic Polynomial Model and Intersected-Lines models. The highest germination percentage and germination rate was obtained in 20 0C. The highest root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry matter was obtained in 25 ° C. Based on the regression between germination rate and temperature in Centaurea balsamita, the cardinal temperatures (Tbase, Topt and Tmax) were (1.44 , 1.26), (22.8 , 19.8) and (38.4 , 38.2) 0C. The results showed that Quadratic Polynomial Model was estimated better than Intersected-Lines model in terms of cardinal temperature
M.A. Alizadeh; A.A. Hosienpoor Ghazvini; A.A. Jafari; J. Daneshian
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 223-233
Abstract
In greenhouse experiment, the seed samples of 8 populations of four savory sepecies as: Satureja sahendica, S.bachtiarica , S.khuzistanicaandS.hortensis were treated with cold strafication, after-ripening, physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol 70%) and distilled ...
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In greenhouse experiment, the seed samples of 8 populations of four savory sepecies as: Satureja sahendica, S.bachtiarica , S.khuzistanicaandS.hortensis were treated with cold strafication, after-ripening, physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol 70%) and distilled water (control). The greenhouse experimental design were carried out as completelt randomize design with three replications by condition of 25±5°C and light illumination (10000 lux) on day time and 5-12°C during night in greenhouse of Research Institute of Forest and Range, during 2009-2010. The seed emergence characteristics including: percentage and speed of emergence, length of root and shoot, vigour index, fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Means comparisons were made using Duncan method. Results showed that S.khuzistanica had higer percent and speed of seed emergenation and vigour index than other pecies. The two populations of Khuzistan (S.khuzistanica), and edible savory (S.hortensis) had higher values of percent and speed of emegence and vigour index than other ecotypes. The higher values of seed emergence traits and vigour index of Khuzistan population (S.khuzistanica) were obtained by physical and chemical scarfication (sand-paper and alchol) than other treatments. Therefore, the dormancy of this population was considered as physical dormancy. Seed gemination traits and vigour index of Lorestan population (S.khuzistanica), and Gazvin population (S. sahendica) were improved by cold and after-ripening treatment than other treatments.
S. Moradi; M.R. Azimi; S. Pourdad; F. Habibi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2016, Pages 235-247
Abstract
In this study investigated the regrowth of sunflower plantlet shoot tips. Shoot tips of sunflower (Helianthus annuus hyb. Farrokh) were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate to evaluate their response to different storage periods. The encapsulated shoot tips stored for several period (15, 30, 45 and 60 ...
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In this study investigated the regrowth of sunflower plantlet shoot tips. Shoot tips of sunflower (Helianthus annuus hyb. Farrokh) were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate to evaluate their response to different storage periods. The encapsulated shoot tips stored for several period (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) at 4°C. The regrowth ability of encapsulated shoot tips was affected by the storage duration and the presence or absence of MS nutrients and plant growth regulator in calcium alginate beads. Maximum percent germination of artificial seeds in non-encapsulated shoot tips and encapsulated in DDW, MS, MS+ growth regulator was 30, 40, 65 and 70 respectively. that obtained from synthetic seeds cultured on MS medium without plant growth regulators stored for 60 days. The longer duration of cold storage, caused the less in plantlet recovery. It can be said that encapsulated plantlets could be regenerated for a limited period under in vitro condition. Addition of MS nutrients in calcium alginate beads significantly improved encapsulated explants regrowth after storage periods